tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52093276732659077622024-03-14T02:53:14.552+07:00PEMUDA MUHAMMADIYAH KAUMANPimpinan Ranting Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta Email : pm.kauman.jogja@gmail.com twitter : @KaumanJogjaPemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.comBlogger74125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-17473363482254220902013-06-30T00:43:00.003+07:002013-06-30T00:44:37.169+07:00Marhaban Yaa Ramadhan 1434 H<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-16599635884840995182013-06-30T00:41:00.001+07:002013-06-30T00:41:09.083+07:00Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman periode 2013-2017</b><br />
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Ketua umum : Muh. Esa Permana<br />
Sekretaris Umum : Iqbal Vilano<br />
Wakil Sekretaris : Ahmad Reza<br />
Bendahara : Anjas Kurniawan<br />
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<b>Divisi Dakwah dan Kaderisasi</b><br />
Raditya Alviantoro<br />
Damas Sulistiyo<br />
Anshori Muhammad Febriansyah<br />
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<b>Divisi Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Minat Bakat</b><br />
Lukman Nur Cahyo<br />
Noor Akbar Utama<br />
Galih Putranto<br />
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<b>Divisi Organisasi dan Ekonomi</b><br />
Robbi Kurniawan<br />
Ramandhani Kurniawan<br />
Muhandis Haras</div>
Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0Jalan Kauman No, Gondomanan, Yogyakarta City, Special District of Yogyakarta 55132, Republic of Indonesia-7.8045634999999987 110.3615476-7.8065299999999986 110.3590261 -7.8025969999999987 110.3640691tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-84162114718791034852013-06-30T00:20:00.000+07:002013-06-30T00:33:27.261+07:00Pelantikan Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Sabtu, 29 Juni 2013 Pelantikan Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta. Pengurus ini menggantikan kepengurusan yang lama yang telah berakhir masa periodenya. Periode 2009-2013 yang lalu telah berakhir, dan sekarang telah terpilih pengurus yang baru.</div>
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Melalui Musyawarah Ranting Ranting (Musyran) Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman, dan telah terpilih beberapa formutur yaitu Esa, Abel, Anjas, dan beberapa yang lain. Kemudian telah diputuskan sebagai ketua adalah Muhammad Esa Permana Putra mengantikan Ridwan Wicaksono.</div>
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Agenda dalam kegiatan Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta periode 2013-2017 adalah</div>
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<ol>
<li>Pagerta</li>
<li>Baktti Sosial</li>
<li>Sahur on the road</li>
<li>Pesantren kilat remaja</li>
<li>Pengajian Ramadhan</li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Takbiran Idul Fitri</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Syawalan</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Takbiran Idul Adha</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Pengajian </span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Kajian dan diskusi</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Tadarus Remaja</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: left;">Silaskota</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Spanduk kegiatan Keagamaan</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Ekspedisi Anak Sholeh</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Pesantren Liburan Anak</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Futsal</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Out bond</li>
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0Jalan Kauman No, Gondomanan, Yogyakarta City, Special District of Yogyakarta 55132, Republic of Indonesia-7.8045634999999987 110.3615476-7.8065299999999986 110.3590261 -7.8025969999999987 110.3640691tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-16678765341843631322013-05-13T12:44:00.001+07:002013-05-13T12:45:55.683+07:00Pembaruan Karpet Masjid Kauman Yogyakarta<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;">Assalamu'alaykum wr wb</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;">Dalam rangka menyambut Ramadhan 1434 H, Masjid Gedhe Kauman bermaksud memperbaharui Sajadah/Karpet bagian dalam seluas 625 m2, dengan harga Rp 330.000 / m2. Dana total yang dibutuhkan total lebih dari <b>Rp. 200.000.000,00</b></span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;">Untuk itu kami mengharap keikhlasan Bapak/Ibu/Sdr untuk menyumbang guna pengadaan karpet tersebut.</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;"><br />Atas bantuan dan perhatian Bapak/Ibu/Sdr kami uicapkan terima kasih.<br /><br />Jazaakumullahu khairan katsiiraan<br /><br />Wassalam<br /><br />an. Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 15.454545021057129px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 15.453125px;">contact :</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 15.453125px;">Budi Setiawan (081328700671)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 15.453125px;">takmir.kauman@gmail.com</span></span></div>
Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-38847186409209019012013-01-22T15:31:00.001+07:002013-01-22T15:38:23.356+07:00DAFTAR PEMENANG LOMBA SILASKOTA 10 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMENANG
LOMBA TARTIL</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
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1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ALIFYA BUNGA
SYURGA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MASJID SYUHADA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FAKHRISHA
AULIYA PUTRI</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH KARANGKAJEN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
<span style="color: black;">VALSAUZA HAZNA Y<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SDN GEDONGKUNING)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN 1
<span style="color: black;">DHIMAS TRIAMBODO
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD
MUH KARANGKAJEN</span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 <span style="color: black;">AHADYAH ANGGRAENI
S </span>(<span style="color: black;">SD N TEGALREJO</span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG
LOMBA MELUKIS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SEKAR NUR
OKTAVIANI</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">N. KEDUNGSARI 3</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FARHAN
SE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
( SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ANGIRING
LAKUNING S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KEPUTRAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 KINANTHI
TRULY
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">N SERAYU YOGYA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 LAUDITYA
ROSSI
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RSDBI 1</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA MEWARNAI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MARITZA NAJMI
Y </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH
WIROBRAJAN 3</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">AZZAH
TSABITAH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD N 2
CEPOKO JAJAR</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">CHIQUITA
FARADILLA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> (
SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH PAKEL</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 JAYIS
SRIWIJAYA <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">D KOTAGEDE</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 ROYNALD<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JOMBOR</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA DA`I CILIK </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">LEGIST<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH BODON</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JIHAN NISFU
SYA’BANI
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MIN TEMPEL</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH ARSYAD
HIKAM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> ( SD
MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 NIKEN
CHANDRA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KARANGKAJEN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 FATIMAH
NADLIFAH RIF’AT </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH SAPEN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG
LOMBA ADZAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">AHMAD
SUFYAN </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ZINADNIZDAN
YAHYA F</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH. SAURYOWOJAYAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
MU’ARRIF MUHAMMAD R </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 MUH
RAIHAN DZULFUKAR </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH
SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 GALAXI
HEIDAR PASHA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> N
TEGALMULYA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dADNaFxEibY/TViYIvazISI/AAAAAAAAATw/u9EMvYOWheE/s1600/silaskota.jpg"><span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FOTOGRAFI</span></b><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PASCANA
KURNIA A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">TPA LANGGAR
AL-FAQIH KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SALMA HANA
LIYA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH SAPEN
GOWONGAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RAFLY
YOGANATA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> ( SD
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1 ADELIA
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-61182442538132064002013-01-22T15:30:00.001+07:002013-01-22T15:30:26.992+07:00DAFTAR PEMENANG LOMBA SILASKOTA 10 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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1
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SYURGA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MASJID SYUHADA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FAKHRISHA
AULIYA PUTRI</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH KARANGKAJEN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
<span style="color: black;">VALSAUZA HAZNA Y<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SDN GEDONGKUNING)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN 1
<span style="color: black;">DHIMAS TRIAMBODO
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD
MUH KARANGKAJEN</span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 <span style="color: black;">AHADYAH ANGGRAENI
S </span>(<span style="color: black;">SD N TEGALREJO</span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG
LOMBA MELUKIS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SEKAR NUR
OKTAVIANI</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">N. KEDUNGSARI 3</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FARHAN
SE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
( SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ANGIRING
LAKUNING S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KEPUTRAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 KINANTHI
TRULY
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">N SERAYU YOGYA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 LAUDITYA
ROSSI
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RSDBI 1</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA MEWARNAI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MARITZA NAJMI
Y </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH
WIROBRAJAN 3</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">AZZAH
TSABITAH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD N 2
CEPOKO JAJAR</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">CHIQUITA
FARADILLA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> (
SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH PAKEL</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 JAYIS
SRIWIJAYA <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">D KOTAGEDE</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 ROYNALD<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JOMBOR</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA DA`I CILIK </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">LEGIST<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH BODON</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JIHAN NISFU
SYA’BANI
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MIN TEMPEL</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH ARSYAD
HIKAM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> ( SD
MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 NIKEN
CHANDRA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KARANGKAJEN</span></div>
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2 FATIMAH
NADLIFAH RIF’AT </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH SAPEN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG
LOMBA ADZAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">AHMAD
SUFYAN </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ZINADNIZDAN
YAHYA F</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MUH. SAURYOWOJAYAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
MU’ARRIF MUHAMMAD R </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
1 MUH
RAIHAN DZULFUKAR </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH
SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HARAPAN
2 GALAXI
HEIDAR PASHA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( SD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> N
TEGALMULYA</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMENANG LOMBA </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FOTOGRAFI</span></b><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 1
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PASCANA
KURNIA A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">TPA LANGGAR
AL-FAQIH KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 2
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SALMA HANA
LIYA </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH SAPEN
GOWONGAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JUARA 3
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RAFLY
YOGANATA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> ( SD
MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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1 ADELIA
QBA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(SD MUH. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KAUMAN)</span></div>
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2 M
DAFFA ALY RAIHAN </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SD MUH BODON</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-71153583023139593922013-01-07T10:20:00.001+07:002013-01-08T13:32:59.661+07:00Sambut Maulid Nabi, AMM Kauman Gelar Silaskota<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Maulid
Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan peringatan lahirnya Nabi Muhammad SAW dan
merupakan peringatan bagi seluruh umat muslim di dunia. Nabi yang
membawa manusia terlepas dari zaman jahiliyah kebodohan menuju lebih
baik. Khusus di Yogyakarta, peringatan itu telah sudah menjadi milik
masyarakat, berupa perayaan sekaten yang setiap tahunnya selalu
diperingati. Rasa jiwa nasionalisme dan kebudayaan dikalangan anak-anak
sekarang ini mulai luntur dengan adanya pengaruh yang kuat dari barat
dan juga era globalisasi.<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Dengan event <b>“SILASKOTA 10</b>” (Silaturrahim Anak Sholeh Yogyakarta 2013) yang bertemakan<i><b> Aku Anak Sholeh Anti Korupsi</b></i><b>,</b> Angkatan
Muda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta bekerja sama dengan Takmir Masjid
Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta berupaya untuk menumbuhkan pentingnya pendidikan karakter, kecintaan terhadap
Islam dan Nabi Muhammad SAW sejak usia anak-anak dan menggali ide,
kreatifitas, dan mengemas sebuah acara religi yang menarik untuk
menyikapi perubahan budaya dan akhlak yang semakin serius. Terutama pendidikan anti korupsi sejak dini. Selain itu
juga dalam menyikapi degeadasi moral para pemimpin kita yang semakin
tidak peka terhadap dan selalu tidak mencerminkan sikap yang
Islami. Acara ini juga dalam rangka memperingati Maulid Nabi Muhammad
SAW.</div>
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Pembukaaan
acara ini dilakasanakan pada hari Ahad 20 Januari 2013 jam 07.30 WIB di
Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta secara simbolik akan dibuka oleh Ketua
Umum PP Muhammadiyah Din Syamsudin dan Walikota Yogyakarta Haryadi
Sayuti<span style="color: blue;">. </span>Adapun serangkain kegiatannya
adalah perlombaan MTQ, Da`i Cilik, Adzan, Fotografi, Melukis dan Mewarnai.
Peserta adalah siswa-siswi SD dan santri TPA/TKA se-Kota Yogyakarta dan
sekitanya. Untuk SILASKOTA yang ke 10 ini akan memperebutkan total
hadiah 10 juta dan tropy Gubernur DIY, Walikota, Wakil Walikota, PD
Muhammadiyah, Diknas Kota, dan Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-meJnXG6oLDM/UOo-n7k3C2I/AAAAAAAAAVE/ZblxCRXpoYQ/s1600/silaskota.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Pendaftaran
mulai dibuka pada hari tanggal 14-19 Jaunari 2013 di Sekretariat Takmir
Masjid Gedhe Kauman (15.30-18.30 WIB). Contact person panitia </span></span><span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show">0856.4368.7849 dan twitter @KaumanJogja</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">. Biaya pendaftaran lomba Rp.15.000 danFasilitas peserta adalah snack, minum, co-card, makan siang,
sertifikat, pin dan stiker.</span></span></div>
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-80021112793122580622013-01-07T09:34:00.003+07:002013-01-07T09:37:23.104+07:00Silaskota 10<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl">Menyambut Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>“SILASKOTA 10” <br /> (Silaturrahim Anak Sholeh Yogyakarta 2013) <br /> Aku Anak Sholeh Anti Korupsi</b></span></span></span><br />
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<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show"><br /> Ahad, 20 Januari 2013<br /> pk. 07.00 - Selesai<br /> Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta</span></span></span><br />
<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show"><br /> <br /> <b>Lomba</b><br /> MTQ, Da`i Cilik, Adzan, Melukis, Mewarnai dan Fotografi<br /> Kelas 1-6 SD<br /> <br /> <b>Pendaftaran</b><br /> Rp. 15.000,-<br /> Rp. 10.000,- (Untuk Fotografi)<br /> <br /> <b>Tempat Pendaftaran</b> : tanggal 14-19 Januari 2013<br /> di Sekretariat Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman (15.30-18.30 WIB)<br /> <br /> <b>Fasilitas</b><br /> Snack, makan siang, cocard, stiker, sertifikat, pin*, door price, dll<br /> <br /> <b>Hadiah</b><br /> Total Hadiah 10 Juta<br /> <br /> <b>Tropy</b> </span></span></span><br />
<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show">Gubernur, Walikota, Wakil Walikota, PDM, Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman, DInas Pendidikan, dll<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> info:<br /> Blog: <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fkaumanjogja.blogspot.com%2F&h=FAQEUwp0S&s=1" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">http://<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span>kaumanjogja.blogspot.com/</a><br /> FB: Kauman Darussalam<br /> Twitter: @KaumanJogja<br /> Email: pm.kauman.jogja@gmail.com<br /> CP: 0856.4368.7849</span></span></span><br />
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<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show">Presented by: </span></span></span><br />
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<span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></span></span><b><span itemprop="description"><span class="fsl"><span class="text_exposed_show">(AMM KAUMAN - REMAJA MASJID KAUMAN - TAKMIR MASJID GEDHE KAUMAN)</span></span></span></b><br />
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-14565244340880175342012-12-20T23:13:00.002+07:002012-12-20T23:20:14.652+07:00LINTASAN SEJARAH KAUMAN JOGJAKARTA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><b style="line-height: 1.4;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">LINTASAN SEJARAH KAUMAN</span></b></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><b style="line-height: 1.4;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">( TEMPO DOELOE – TEMPO KINI – </span></b></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><b style="line-height: 1.4;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">DAN TEMPO MENDATANG )</span></b></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"><b>MUQADIMAH</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"><b>Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim</b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Tulisan pendek ini dibuat sekedar untuk membuka pembicaraan kita tentang Kauman, sebuah komunitas santri di Yogyakarta yang telah berusia 233 tahun ( hampir 2,50 abad ). Nama Kauman berasal dari Pa- Kaum – an, pa= tempat, Kaum dari kata Qoimuddin ( penegak agama Islam ), jadi Kauman adalah tempat para penegak agama atau para ulama. Setelah Masjid Gedhe didirikan, maka sangat diperlukan masyarakat yang memelihara-mengelola- memakmurkan masjid. Untuk itu Sultan Hamengku Buwana I yang sangat aktif beribadah meletakkan para ulama pilihan dari berbagai daerah, untuk ditempatkan di sekitar Masjid Gedhe sebagai pemakmur dan pengelola masjid, sekaligus dijadikan Abdi Dalem urusan keagamaan. Pimpinan para ulama itu adalah Kyai Pengulu Fakih Ibrahim Dipaningrat ( Pengulu Pertama Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ). Semua ulama difungsikan dalam organisasi kemasjidan, dengan pembagian tugas yang telah tertata rapi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Para ulama dan Pengulu yang ditempatkan di sekitar Masjid Gedhe itu, kemudian membentuk komunitas santri dengan perkawinan “indogami Kampung”. Dalam perkembangan lebih lanjut terjadilah komunitas kampong santri dengan ikatan keagamaan dan kekerabatan. Dengan demikian solidaritas komunitas ini sangat kuat. Tradisi kesantrian seperti dalam pendidikan, pergaulan, serta dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dengan masjid sebagai pusatnya memberikan warna, nuansa, dan cirikhas tersendiri bagi Kauman di bandingkan dengan kampong-kampung lainnya di kota Jogjakarta pada waktu itu.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dan budaya selalu berkembang dan berubah sesuai dengan dinamika zaman. Kampung Kauman pun yang dihuni oleh kaum santri tidak terlepas dari poses perkembangan dan perubahan dari zaman ke zaman hingga saat ini. Sebuah pertanyaan bagaimanakah perkembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi ?, mari kita bicarakan.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"><b>KAUMAN TEMPO DOELOE SAMPAI TEMPO KINI</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Berdasarkan beberapa sumber dan fakta sejarah yang ditemukan, gambaran kampong Kauman tempo doeloe ( awal berdirinya ), dapat direkonstruksi sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Secara pisikè Setting Kampung Kuman berada di atas tanah seluas +192000 m2, letaknya di barat Masjid Gedhe dan sekitarnya. Dihuni oleh para ulama, Pengulu Kraton dan 9 Ketib, masing-masing menghuni sebidang tanah di atasnya dibangun rumah dan Langgar ( tempat sholat dan mengaji ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Perkembagan sosial è Perkampungan para ulama itu berkembang dengan pernikahan indogami,sehingga membuat satu kampong dengan sebagian besar punya ikatan kekerabatan dan ikatan keagamaan. Dengan demikian memiliki solidaritas yang kuat, baik dalam membela agama Islam, keadilan dan kebenaran, maupun juga membela komunitasnya.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Warga kampungKauman juga memiliki juga memiliki jaringan yang berhubungan dengan kampong atau desa santri di Jawa, antara lain di Tambak Beras Jombang, Banjarnegara, Mlangi, Plosokuning, Krapyak, dan sebagainya.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Pada tahun 1912 merupakan tahun monumental bagi Kauman, yaitu munculnya seorang ulama yang cerdas dan punya perspektif yang tepat dalam pencerahan masa depan, ialah KHA Dahlan. Dalam rangka memajukan dan mengembangkan umat Islam, ia punya jurus yang handal, yaitu : Pertama, menggerakkan Sosial-keagamaan; Kedua, menggerakkan pembaharuan pendidikan Islam; dan Ketiga, menggerakkan pemurnian Islam, kembali pada Al Qur’an dan Sunnah Rasulullah. Gerakannya itu diberi nama Muhammadiyah, lahir dan berdiri di kampong Kauman Jogjakarta. Pesarekatan Muhammadiyah ini kemudian menasional, bahkan mengglobal, sehingga gaungnya sampai dunia internasional. Berbagai kajian memberikan nama gerakan ini sebagai “Reformasi”; “Modernisasi”, “Tajdid/ Pembaharuan” dan sebagainya. Tentu saja KHA Dahlan tidak sendirian, didukung oleh para ulama dan para santrinya yang kemudian meneruskan perjuangan Muhammadiyah hingga sampai kini tetap utuh ( Alhamdulillah tidak pernah pecah ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Dengan adanya Muhammadiyah ini, kampung Kauman jadi dikenal oleh masyarakat luas secara nasional maupun internasional. Kauman juga dikenal sebagai tempat persemaian ulama dan gudangnya ulama serta muballigh/muballighot. Anak-anak mudanya juga dikenal ‘Alim, suka mengaji dan memiliki aktivitas lain yang menonjol, seperti Sepak Bola, Beladiri/Pencak, dan juga banyak yang berhasil dalam bidang keilmuwan, bidang pengusaha dan sebagainya. Kaum mudaya juga punya “power” yang cukup disegani oleh masyarakat kampung-kapung lainnya. Kauman memiliki Perguruan Bela-diri yang khas bernama Tapak Suci. Tapak Suci di samping untuk media membangun jiwa dan raga bagi generasi muda Kauman, juga pada kelahirannya dipersiapkan untuk pertahanan menghadapi kaum Komunis (PKI). Pada perkembangannya Tapak Suci secara resmi menjadi bagian dari Muhammadiyah sebagai Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah, dan selanjutnya menjadi Beladiri yang menasional dan juga mengglobal. Sampai saat ini memiliki cabang di hamper seluruh propinsi di Indonesia, dan juga punya cabang di Negeri Belanda, Arab Saudi, Prancis, Suriname, Australia dan sebaginya.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Dalam berbagai era perjuangan, Kampung Kauman punya andeel yang tidak sedikit, antara lain seperti dalam menghadapi penjajah di Zaman Jepang, ulama Kauman yang berani menentang Seikere, sehingga sekolah-sekolah Muhammadiyah dan warga kampung Kauman tidak diwajibkan Seikere (sebab Syirik). Putera-putera Kauman menjadi motor di pasukan Hizbullah Sabilillah, dan kemudian dari Kauman pula didirikan Markas Ulama Asykar Perang Sabil (MU- APS) yang pusatnya di Gedung Pejagan Plataran masjid Gedhe. Pasukan-pasukan yang dimotori oleh putera-putera Kauman ini ikut perang gerilya membantu TNI sampai ke Semarang, Ambarawa, Kedu, dan Kebumen. Dalam peristiwa Kota Baru, Plataran Masjid Gedhe juga digunakan menyusun kekuatan untuk penyerbuan, putera-putera Kauman pun ikut aktif dan juga ada yang menjadi korban sebagai pahlawan.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Plataran Masjid Gedhe Kauman pun dipakai juga untuk menyusun kekuatan dalam rangka penumpasan pemberontakan PKI ( 18 September 1948, pusatnya di Madiun ); dan juga Demonstrasi Pembubaran PKI tahun 1965 karena pemberontakan G-30S/PKI, dari tuntutan Demonstrasi Generasi Muda Islam (GEMUIS) Jogjakarta, maka PKI dibekukan di Jogjakarta ( tindakan ini pertama kali untuk seluruh Indonesia ). Plataran Masjid Gedhe dikenal sebagai ajang perjuangan umat. Angkatan 1966 (KAMI –KAPPI-KAWI-KASI ) bila bila demonstrasi berangkatnya dari plataran Masjid Gedhe. Demonstrasi untuk Reformasi dan menurunkan rezim Soeharto salah satu tempat konsentrasinya adalah plataran Masjid Gedhe Jogjakarta, dan warga Kauman pun ikut berpartisipasi baik tenaga maupun logistiknya.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Dalam bidang pendidikan generasi muda, pada awalnya dilakukan melalui pondok-pesantren dan banyak menghasilkan para ulama serta pengusaha. Setelah Muhammadiyah berdiri dan dikenalkan adanya sekolah ( seperti HIS ned de Qur’an; Volkschool med de Qur’an; Kweekschool med de Qur’an; MULO men de Qur’an dan sebagainya ), maka putera-puteri Kauman mulai merambah memasuki sekolah-sekolah, namun juga masih ada yang bertahan di Madrasah Mu’alimien dan Mu’alimat, serta di pesantren. Dari pengalaman ini, maka generasi Kauman selanjutnya lebih banyak yang belajar ilmu pengetahuan umum dan menghasilkan para sarjana sampai dengan Guru Besar dalam berbaga bidang keilmuan ( Profesor perempuan pertama di Indonesia berasal dari Kauman, Ibu Sitti Baroroh Baried ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Konsekwensi logis dari perkembangan ini ialah semakin langka lahirnya kader ulama ( dalam pengertian agama ) di Kauman, sehingga sampai pada saat ini pun dapat dirasakan Kauman yang dulunya gudang ulama, jadi kekurangan ulama ( hal ini perlu diperhatikan ! ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Dalam bidang pendidikan non formal berjalan adanya pengajian anak-anak di berbagai tempat di Kauman, pada tahun 80-an pernah sampai didirikan organisasi “Himpunan Pengajian Anak-anak Kauman (HPAK)”. Pada awalnya “Tarbiyatul Atfal”, kemudian di hamper di setiap langgar didirikan pengajian anak-anak dan cukup gayeng. Kaderisasi lewat pengajian anak-anak itu masih terasa hasilnya, munculnya aktivis pemuda Kauman pada saat ini. Di kalangan remaja dibentuk Orena dan Oreka, dan di kalangan orang tua diadakan pengajian di setiap sector, sedangkan pengajian ibu-ibu</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Diadakan di gedung Pesantren dan di Kauman Selatan (malam sabtu), serta pengajian PKK.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Adapun yang menjadi keprihatinan pada saat ini adalah antara lain, berkurangnya pengajian anak-anak yang berjalan efektif , usaha mendirikan Madrasah Diniyah tidak lama umurnya, sehingga sebagian besar anak-anak di Kauman belum tergarap dalam pendidikan agama melalui pengajian. Sistim pembinaan khusus remaja dan pemuda/pemudi masih kurang mendapatkan perhatian, sehingga masa depan kader-kader generasi muda Kauman perlu dibangun lebih serius. Keringnya ulama yang menguasai berbagai ilmu agama Islam, setelah wafat dan udzurnya para ulama, untuk mempersiapkan kadernya masih membutuhkan waktu yang panjang, dan perlu segera diupayakan keberadaannya kembali. Masih banyak lagi keprihatinan yang perlu segera dicari solusinya yang mantab.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"><b>KAUMAN TEMPO YANG AKAN DATANG</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Dalam melihat perspektif ke depan tidak dapat begitu saja meninggalkan realitas masa kini, dan yang menjadi sebab terjadinya kenyataan yang ada pada masa kini. Dari sinilah insyaAllah akan dapat ditemukan “terapi” yang lebih tepat, sesuai dengan perkembangannya. Sesuai dengan nama Kauman dan realitas yang pernah dimilikinya, yaitu kampungnya para “Penegak Agama Islam”, sudah sewajarnya bila di masa depan berusaha dikembalikan keberadaan para ulama di kampung ini (salah satu alternative). Tentu saja akan terdapat Redifinisi tentang ulama itu sendiri, yaitu tidak persis dengan keulamaan di Kauman pada awal berdirinya, seperti ulama yang harus jadi Abdi Dalem, ulama yang hanya menguasai ilmu agama Islam dan sebagainya. Pengertian ulama bias lebih diluaskan lagi, yaitu memiliki dasar salah satu ilmu agama Islam yang kuat dan juga menguasai salah satu ilmu umum ( keilmuan agama Islam dan ilmu umum tidak didekotomikan, namun integral dalam pribadi ). Dengan demikian, maka dapat dimunculkan para ulama yang tadinya berasal dari pendidikan umum, kemudian ditambah dengan wawasan keagamaan yang intensif, dan atau sebaliknya, dalam rangka mengantisipasi keadaan zaman. Untuk memben- tuk insan semacam ini perlu difikirkan. ( antara lain : Mendidikkan putera-putrinya ke pesantren dan perguruan tinggi agama Islam; mengadakan kusus-kursus keIslaman, dan sebagainya ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Warga Kauman tentu saja tidak harus semuanya jadi ulama, namun sebagai kampung Islam tentu saja warga Kauman paling tidak dalam kehidupannya memiliki dan mengamalkan nilai-nilai Islami. Oleh karena itulah pendidikan berupa pengetahuan dan pengamalan hidup Islami bagi warga Kauman amat sangat diperlukan. Sebagai pelaksanaannya diperlukan sebuah konsep dan program yang matang, melalui berbagai jalur dalam masyarakat, dan didukung serta disengkuyung oleh berbagai lembaga yang ada di Kauman ( Muhammadiyah dan ortomnya; Takmir Masjid Gehe; dan pemerintahan RW-RT )</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Adapun Konsep Hidup Islami dapat dipakai PHI ( Pedoman Hidup Islami ) yang telah diolah oleh Muhammadiyah, tentang metode pendidikan ke masyarakatnya dibicarakan bersama. Jalur-jalur yang dapat digunakan antara lain melalui berbagai lembaga/organisasi yang ada di Kauman, menghidupkan kembali pengajian anak-anak, remaja, pemuda-pemudi, dan orang tua ( dicari model yang menarik untuk dapat dilaksanakan ).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Untuk mendukung itu semua, Pertama diperlukan konsolidasi lembaga-lembaga yang ada di Kauman, membicarakan program bersama bersama, dan pembagian tugas sesuai dengan kelembagaannya masing-masing. Kedua, diadakan sosialisasi program bersama kepada warga Kauman, dengan target untuk menyadarkan dan minta dukungan serta dorongan aktiv dari warga. Ketiga, mencari dukungan moril dan materiil dari para aghniya’ Kauman, baik yang ada dalam kampung, atau yang ada di luar kampung. Dari upaya itu semua yang dilandasi dengan niat ibadah, insya Allah prospek masa depan Kauman akan lebih baik.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"><b>KHOTIMAH</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Sekali lagi disampaikan bahwa makalah kecil ini hanyalah sebagai pembuka dan pemancing pembicaran dalam majelis ini. Kalau di dalamnya terdapat urun rembug, nilainya masih baru sebuah wacana dan usulan belaka, sedangkan yang diharapkan lebih jauh dari pembicaraan kita di pagi hari ini adalah kesepakatan bersama sebagai konsep yang jitu untuk membangun masa depan Kauman. Oleh karena itu, dihimbau agar seluruh peserta seminar ini dapat berperan aktiv membemberikan andel pemikiran dan konsep-konsepnya.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Kami yakin bahwa warga Kauman menginginkan perbaikan dan kemajuan, serta kami yakin pula bahwa warga Kauman punya kemampuan untuk berbuat demi perbaikan dan kemajuan itu. Hanya mungkin yang belum ditumbuhkan adanya komunikasi idea, kesepakatan, dan bagaimana cara untuk berupaya baik dan maju itu. Satu hal lagi yang perlu didorong, yaitu adanya kemauan dan hasrat yang kuat kebersamaan untuk melaksanakan kesepakatan demi perbaikan dan kemajuan Kauman yang kita cintai bersama.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Semoga Allah Swt. memberikan pencerahan pada pemikiran, memberikan kekuatan dan kelancaran pada upaya perbaikan serta kemajuan, selalu memberikan petunjuk serta lindungan, sehingga dapat mewujudkan cita-cita kita bersama, Amien.</span></div>
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<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-1351869332539922710" itemprop="description articleBody" style="position: relative; width: 510px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">Oleh : Ahmad Adaby Darban</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Alhamdulillaahi Robbil’alamii-n</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;">Kauman Daarussalaam, 15 Agustus 2009</span></div>
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<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-1351869332539922710" itemprop="description articleBody" style="line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 510px;">
sumber : <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"><a href="http://adabydarban.blogspot.com/2009/08/lintasan-sejarah-kauman-tempo-doeloe.html">http://adabydarban.blogspot.com/2009/08/lintasan-sejarah-kauman-tempo-doeloe.html</a></span></div>
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-24965404051569488292012-05-13T01:34:00.002+07:002012-12-11T14:18:36.691+07:00SAKA FM Hadir di Kauman Jogja<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-44806688660161865602012-01-14T12:16:00.003+07:002012-01-14T12:21:52.151+07:00Sambut Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW, AMM Kauman Gelar Silaskota 9<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ncNdroYIFIE/TxEO9Wnx4-I/AAAAAAAAAT4/mUefpLiAWNA/s1600/12+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ncNdroYIFIE/TxEO9Wnx4-I/AAAAAAAAAT4/mUefpLiAWNA/s320/12+1.jpg" width="278" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"></span>Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan peringatan lahirnya Nabi Muhammad SAW dan merupakan peringatan bagi seluruh umat muslim di dunia. Nabi yang membawa manusia terlepas dari zaman jahiliyah kebodohan menuju lebih baik. Khusus di Yogyakarta, peringatan itu telah sudah menjadi milik masyarakat, berupa perayaan sekaten yang setiap tahunnya selalu diperingati. Rasa jiwa nasionalisme dan kebudayaan dikalangan anak-anak sekarang ini mulai luntur dengan adanya pengaruh yang kuat dari barat dan juga era globalisasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Dengan event <b>“SILASKOTA 9</b>” (Silaturrahim Anak Sholeh Yogyakarta 2012) yang bertemakan <b><i>Islami Sikapku, Dunia Menyambutku</i>,</b> Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta bekerja sama dengan Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta berupaya untuk menumbuhkan kecintaan terhadap Islam dan Nabi Muhammad SAW sejak usia anak-anak dan menggali ide, kreatifitas, dan mengemas sebuah acara religi yang menarik untuk menyikapi perubahan budaya dan akhlak yang semakin serius. Selain itu juga dalam menyikapi degeadasi moral para pemimpin kita yang semakin tidak peka terhadap dan selalu tidak mencerminkan sikap yang Islami. Acara ini juga dalam rangka memperingati Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Pembukaaan acara ini dilakasanakan pada hari Ahad 29 Januari 2012 jam 07.30 WIB di Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta secara simbolik akan dibuka oleh Ketua Umum PP Muhammadiyah Din Syamsudin dan Walikota Yogyakarta Haryadi Sayuti<span style="color: blue;">. </span>Adapun serangkain kegiatannya adalah perlombaan CCA, MTQ, Da`i Cilik, Adzan, Melukis dan Mewarnai. Peserta adalah siswa-siswi SD dan santri TPA/TKA se-Kota Yogyakarta dan sekitanya. Untuk SILASKOTA yang ke 9 ini akan memperebutkan total hadiah 10 juta dan tropy Gubernur DIY, Walikota, Wakil Walikota, PD Muhammadiyah, Diknas Kota, dan Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Pendaftaran mulai dibuka pada hari tanggal 18-28 Jaunari 2012 di Sekretariat Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman (15.30-18.30 WIB). Contact person panitia 08562872566. Biaya pendaftaran lomba Rp.15.000 dan Rp. 25.000 untuk CCA. Fasilitas peserta adalah snack, minum, co-card, makan siang, sertifikat, pin dan stiker.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
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</div></div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-29358653735159718412011-08-18T22:51:00.001+07:002011-08-18T22:53:50.611+07:00Bakti Sosial Ramadhan AMM Kauman<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-reDAKhkJL7w/Tk00UP6xfRI/AAAAAAAAAT0/h1CQcX0FcMs/s1600/muh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-reDAKhkJL7w/Tk00UP6xfRI/AAAAAAAAAT0/h1CQcX0FcMs/s200/muh.jpg" width="195" /></a>Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah Kauman (AMM Kauman) pada tahun 1432 H / 2011 kembali melaksanakan Bakti Sosial Ramadhan. Agenda rutin tahunan ini bekerja sama dengan Remaja Masjid Gedhe Kauman yang akan dilaksanakan pada tanggal <b>21 Agustus 2011 jam 06.00 </b>sampai dengan selesai.<br />
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Baksos Ramadhan AMM Kauman & Remaja Masjid Gedhe Kauman pada tahun ini bertempat di <i>Dusun Gondang, Kecamatan Balerante, Klaten, Jawa Tengah</i>. Daerah ini dipilih karena merupakan daerah yang sangat parah terkena erupsi Gunung Merapi. Masyarakat di daerah sana juga saat ini mengalami kesulitan ekonomi dan rawan kristenisasi. sehingga sebagai <b>Kader Muhammadiyah Kauman</b> wajib untuk menolong sesama muslim.<br />
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Acara akan diawali dengan Pengajian Akbar di Dusun Gondang, Kecamatan Balerante, Klaten, Jawa Tengah dan juga akan diadakan permainan untuk anak-anak di sana. Kemudian setelah itu akan dilaksanakan Bakti Sosial yang berjumlah sekitar 250 bungkus yang terdiri dari paket pakaian dan sembako (beras, gula, minyak, teh, mie instant, dll)<br />
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Bagi yang memberikan donasi bantuan untuk Baksos Ramadhan AMM Kauman & Remaja Masjid Gedhe Kauman dapat diberikan di Balai RW Kauman (Utara Masjid Gedhe Kauman) pada pukul 15.30-18.00 WIB dan pukul 20.00-22.00 WIB berupa uang, pakain ataupun sembako (beras, gula, minyak, teh, mie instant, dll). CP Alfian (08562927357)</div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-5223059137403337302011-02-14T09:53:00.000+07:002011-02-14T09:53:46.286+07:00DAFTAR PEMENANG LOMBA SILASKOTA 8<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dADNaFxEibY/TViYIvazISI/AAAAAAAAATw/u9EMvYOWheE/s1600/silaskota.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dADNaFxEibY/TViYIvazISI/AAAAAAAAATw/u9EMvYOWheE/s640/silaskota.jpg" width="516" /></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b>PEMENANG LOMBA TARTIL</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA <span> </span>1<span> </span>ARTIKAH FARAH HAMIDAH<span> </span>(</span><span style="color: black;">SDN KOTAGEDE 1</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 2 <span> </span>VALSAUZA HAZNA Y</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="PT-BR"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">(</span><span style="color: black;">SDN GEDONGKUNING</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 2.15pt;">JUARA 3 <span> </span><span style="color: black;">ELLAN ZIGRA</span> <span> </span><span lang="IN"><span> </span><span> </span><span></span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD MUH KARANGKAJEN</span>)<span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 1<span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="color: black;">MUHAMMAD SYAHMAN S</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">.<span> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD MUH SUKONANDI 1</span>)<span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 2<span> </span></span><span style="color: black;">KHOLIDA FAUZIA</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><span> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD MUH KARANGKAJEN</span>)<span lang="IN" style="color: black;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 3<span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="color: black;">AHMAD BAYU GUNAWAN</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><span> </span></span>(<span style="color: black;">SD MUH KAUMAN</span>)<span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b>PEMENANG LOMBA MELUKIS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: -52.4pt;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 1 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">BUAH KASIH K</span><span lang="PT-BR"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD </span><span lang="IN">N. LINGARAN 1</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 2 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">ADINDA PUTRI S.</span><span lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>( SD MUH. S</span><span lang="IN">URONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 3 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">AISYAH NUR FITRIANI</span><span lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>( SD. </span><span lang="IN">MUH KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 1<span> </span>ABDILLAH THOHA<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">SURONATAN</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 2<span> </span>LUTHFI IKA NUR R.<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">KARANGWARU</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 3<span> </span>PRATIWI LESTARI PUTRI<span> </span><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD</span><span lang="IN">IT INSAN UTAMA</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="PT-BR">PEMENANG LOMBA MEWARNAI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 1 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">ALYA DIVA<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span></span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD </span><span lang="IN">TIMOHO</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 2 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">PAWIRATAMA ISWAHID</span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span>( </span><span lang="IN">SD GONDOK</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 3 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">MUTIA ARDHITA P. D.</span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span>( SD </span><span lang="IN">N GIWANGAN</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 1<span> </span>MAULIDDINI CAHYA W.<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">GONDONGLEGI</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 2<span> </span>DEWI DAYATI<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD </span><span lang="IN">KARANGJATI</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 3<span> </span>MAULIDDINA TEGAR K.<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">(SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">GONDONGLEGI</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="PT-BR">PEMENANG LOMBA DA`I CILIK </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 1 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">JIHAN NISFU SYA’BANI<span> </span><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( </span><span lang="IN">MIN TEMPEL</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 2 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">KARUNIA WIDHI AGATIN P.</span><span lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>(SD MUH. SUKONANDI)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 3 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">SALSABILA AMIYARD SIWI</span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span>( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">TEGALREJO</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 1<span> </span>SALSABILLIA AMIYARD SIWI<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">(SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">TEGALREJO</span><span lang="PT-BR">)</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 2<span> </span>YUNINDA BERLIANA<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( </span><span lang="IN">MIN PAJANGAN</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 3<span> </span>M. BAGUS TRIATMOJO<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( </span><span lang="IN">SDIT NURUL HUDA</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">PEMENANG LOMBA ADZAN</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 1 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">AHMAD SUFYAN<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span></span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">KAUMAN</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="PT-BR">JUARA 2 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">ARFATH PAMUNGKAS</span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span> </span></span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD </span><span lang="IN">MUH. KARANGKAJEN</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">JUARA 3 <span> </span><span lang="IN">MUKTAMARUDIN<span> </span></span> <span> </span><span lang="IN"><span> </span></span>(<span lang="PT-BR">SD </span><span lang="IN">MUH. KARANGKAJEN</span>)<span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 1<span> </span>ARROYAN ADITYA<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( </span><span lang="IN">SD PURWODININGRATAN 2</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 2<span> </span>FATHUR KESARIS S.<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD MUH. </span><span lang="IN">SUKONANDI 1</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN">HARAPAN 3<span> </span>WISHNU SATRIA ARIMURTI<span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR">( SD </span><span lang="IN">MASJID SYUHADA</span><span lang="PT-BR"> )</span><span lang="IN"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dADNaFxEibY/TViYIvazISI/AAAAAAAAATw/u9EMvYOWheE/s1600/silaskota.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FR">PEMENANG LOMBA CCA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FR">JUARA 1 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">SD Muh. Sukonandi</span><span lang="FR"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FR">JUARA 2 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">SD Muh. Suranatan</span><span lang="FR"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FR">JUARA 3 <span> </span></span><span lang="IN">SD Muh. Tegalrejo</span><span lang="FR"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><i><span lang="FR"><span><b>-AMM KAUMAN-</b> </span></span></i><span lang="IN"></span></div></div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-4669148592574626872011-02-02T11:29:00.000+07:002011-02-02T11:29:49.449+07:00Sambut Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW, AMM Kauman Gelar Silaskota 8<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TUjdSNLRP4I/AAAAAAAAATs/46pSV5TxkIM/s1600/silaskota.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TUjdSNLRP4I/AAAAAAAAATs/46pSV5TxkIM/s400/silaskota.jpg" width="322" /></a></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan peringatan lahirnya Nabi Muhammad SAW dan merupakan peringatan bagi seluruh umat muslim di dunia. Nabi yang membawa manusia terlepas dari zaman jahiliyah kebodohan menuju lebih baik. Khusus di Yogyakarta, peringatan itu telah sudah menjadi milik masyarakat, berupa perayaan sekaten yang setiap tahunnya selalu diperingati. Rasa jiwa nasionalisme dan kebudayaan dikalangan anak-anak sekarang ini mulai luntur dengan adanya pengaruh yang kuat dari barat dan juga era globalisasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Dengan event <b>“SILASKOTA 8</b>” (Silaturrahim Anak Sholeh Yogyakarta 2011) yang bertemakan <b><i>Aku Anak Sholeh Anti KeBohongan</i>,</b> Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta bekerja sama dengan Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta berupaya untuk menumbuhkan kecintaan terhadap Islam dan Nabi Muhammad SAW sejak usia anak-anak dan menggali ide, kreatifitas, dan mengemas sebuah acara religi yang menarik untuk menyikapi perubahan budaya dan akhlak yang semakin serius. Selain itu juga dalam menyikapi degeadasi moral para pemimpin kita yang semakin tidak peka terhadap<span> </span>dan<span> </span>selalu berbohong kepada masyarakat.<span> </span>Acara ini juga dalam rangka memperingati Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW dan juga Jelang Muktamar 1 Abad Muhammadiyah yang nanti akan diadakan di Yogyakarta.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Pembukaaan acara ini dilakasanakan pada hari Ahad 13 Februari 2011 jam 07.30 WIB di Masjid Gedhe Kauman Yogyakarta secara simbolik akan dibuka oleh Walikota Yogyakarta Herry Zudianto dan Wakil Walikota Haryadi Sayuti<span style="color: blue;">. </span>Adapun serangkain kegiatannya adalah perlombaan CCA, MTQ, Da`i Cilik, Adzan, Melukis dan Mewarnai. Peserta adalah siswa-siswi <span> </span>SD dan santri TPA/TKA se-Kota Yogyakarta dan sekitanya. Untuk SILASKOTA yang ke 8 <span> </span>ini akan memperebutkan total hadiah 10 juta dan tropy Gubernur DIY, Walikota, Wakil Walikota, PD Muhammadiyah, Depag, Diknas Kota, dan Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Pendaftaran mulai dibuka pada hari Ahad tanggal 1-10 Februari 2011 di Sekretariat Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman (15.30-18.30 WIB). Contact person panitia 085643052155. Biaya pendaftaran lomba Rp.15.000 dan Rp. 25.000 untuk CCA. Fasilitas peserta adalah snack, minum, co-card, <span> </span>makan siang, sertifikat, pin dan stiker.</div></div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-40192818549639035482011-01-31T23:46:00.000+07:002011-01-31T23:46:02.791+07:00Silaskota 8<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TUblRJ20JdI/AAAAAAAAATk/rtFWT5s_Lrw/s1600/12+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TUblRJ20JdI/AAAAAAAAATk/rtFWT5s_Lrw/s320/12+1.jpg" width="279" /></a></div>Dalam rangka menyambut Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW<br />
<br />
Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta akan menyelenggarakan<br />
<br />
SILASKOTA 8 ( Silaturrahim Anak Sholeh Yogyakarta 2011 )<br />
dengan tema :<br />
<br />
"Aku Anak Sholeh Anti KeBohongan''<br />
<br />
Hari / tanggal : Ahad, 13 februari 2010<br />
jam : 07.00 - Selesai<br />
Tempat : Komplek Masjid Gedhe kauman Yogyakarta<br />
Acara : Lomba Adzan, CCA, MTQ, Da'i cilik, melukis & mewarnai<br />
<br />
Peserta :<br />
- Mewarnai : TK-2 SD<br />
- Melukis : 3-6 SD<br />
- Adzan, MTQ, Da'i Cilik : kelas 1-6 SD<br />
- CCA : kelas 3-6<br />
<br />
kontribusi : Rp. 15.000,- / lomba (untuk CCA Rp. 25.000,-)<br />
<br />
Hadiah : Total hadiah 10 Juta<br />
Tropy dari Gubernur DIY, Walikota, Wawali, Depag, Diknas, PDM, Takmir Masjid Gedhe kauman<br />
<br />
Fasilitas : Snack, minum, makan siang, co-card, stiker, pin*, sertifikat, block note & doorprize<br />
<br />
PENDAFTARAN :<br />
tanggal : 1-10 Februari 2010<br />
tempat : Sekretariat Takmir Masjid Gedhe Kauman (15.30-18.00 WIB)<br />
plataran utara Masjid Gedhe Kauman<br />
<br />
CP : (0899.506.8874) & (0856.4305.2155)</div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-41852401880246983122010-08-18T18:55:00.000+07:002010-08-18T18:55:19.318+07:00dhuha<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Oleh : Muhammad bin Umar bin Salim Bazmul</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Mengenai keutamaan shalat Dhuha, telah diriwayatkan beberapa hadits yang diantaranya dapat saya sebutkan sebagai berikut</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dari Abu Dzar Radhiyallahu 'anhu, dari Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, beliau bersabda</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Bagi masing-masing ruas[1] dari anggota tubuh salah seorang di antara kalian harus dikeluarkan sedekah. Setiap tasbih (Subhanallah) adalah sedekah, setiap tahmid (Alhamdulillah) adalah sedekah, setiap tahtil (Laa Ilaaha Illallaah) adalah sedekah, menyuruh untuk berbuat baik pun juga sedekah, dan mencegah kemunkaran juga sedekah. Dan semua itu bisa disetarakan ganjarannya dengan dua rakaat shalat Dhuha". Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim[2]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br style="clear: both;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Hadits Abud Darda dan Abu Dzar Radhiyallahu 'anhuma, dari Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, dari Allah Yang Mahaperkasa lagi Mahamulia, dimana Dia berfirman.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Wahai anak Adam, ruku'lah untuk-Ku empat rakaat di awal siang, niscaya Aku mencukupimu di akhir siang" Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi[3]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dari Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu 'anhu, dia bercerita, dia berkata :"Tidak ada yang memelihara shalat Dhuha kecuali orang-orang yang kembali kepada Allah (Awwaab)". Dan dia mengatakan, "Dan ia merupakan shalatnya orang-orang yang kembali kepada Allah (Awwaabin)". Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Khuzaimah dan Al-Hakim. [4]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">Hukum Shalat Dhuha</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Hadits-hadits terdahulu dan juga yang semisalnya menjelaskan bahwa shalat Dhuha pada waktu Dhuha (pagi hari) merupakan suatu hal yang baik lagi disukai. [5]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Selain itu, di dalam hadits-hadits tersebut juga terkandung dalil yang menunjukkan disyariatkannya kaum muslimin untuk senantiasa mengerjakannya. [6]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan tidak ada riwayat yang menujukkan diwajibkannya shalat Dhuha</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">Waktu Shalat Dhuha</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Waktu shalat Dhuha dimulai sejak terbit matahari sampai zawal (condong). Dan waktu terbaik untuk mengerjakan shalat Dhuha adalah pada saat matahari terik.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dalil yang menunjukkan hal tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Adapun permulaan waktunya, telah ditunjukkan oleh hadits Abud Darda dan Abu Dzar Radhiyallahu 'anhuma terdahulu. Letak syahidnya di dalam hadits tersebut adalah ; "Ruku-lah untuk-Ku dari awal siang sebanyak empat rakaat".</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Demikian juga riwayat yang datang dari Anas Radhiyallahu 'anhu, dia bercerita, Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam pernah bersabda.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat shubuh dengan berjama'ah lalu duduk berdzikir kepada Allah sampai matahari terbit dan kemudian mengerjakan shalat dua raka'at [7], maka pahala shalat itu baginya seperti pahala haji dan umrah, sepenuhnya, sepenuhnya, sepenuhnya" [8]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dari Abu Umamah, dia bercerita, Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat Shubuh berjama'ah di masjid, lalu dia tetap berada di dalamnya sehingga dia mengerjakan shalat Dhuha, maka pahalanya seperti orang yang menunaikan ibadah haji atau orang yang mengerjakan umrah, sama persis (sempurna) seperti ibadah haji dan umrahnya".</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Diriwayatkan oleh Ath-Thabrani.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan dalam sebuah riwayat disebutkan.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat shubuh dengan berjama'ah, kemudian dia duduk berdzikir kepada Allah sampai matahari terbit…" Diriwayatkan oleh Ath-Thabrani.[9]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Adapun keluarnya waktu shalat Dhuha pada waktu zawal, karena ia merupakan shalat Dhuha (pagi).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sedangkan waktu utamanya telah ditunjukkan oleh apa yang diriwayatkan dari Zaid bin Arqam, bahwasanya dia pernah melihat suatu kaum yang mengerjakan shalat Dhuha. Lalu dia berkata "Tidaklah mereka mengetahui bahwa shalat selain pada saat ini adalah lebih baik, karena sesungguhnya Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam telah bersabda. "Shalat awaabiin (orang-orang yang kembali kepada Allah) adalah ketika anak-anak unta sudah merasa kepanasan"[10]. Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim [11]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">Jumlah Rakaat Shalat Dhuha Dan Sifatnya</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Disyariatkan kepada orang muslim untuk mengerjakan shalat Dhuha dengan dua, empat, enam, delapan atau dua belas rakaat.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Jika mau, dia boleh mengerjakannya dua rakaat dua rakaat.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Adapun shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan dua rakaat telah ditunjukkan oleh hadits Abu Dzar Radhiyallahu 'anhu, Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Bagi masing-masing ruas dari anggota tubuh salah seorang di antara kalian harus dikeluarkan sedekah …Dan semua itu setara dengan ganjaran dua rakaat shalat Dhuha" Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.[12]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sedangkan shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan empat rakaat, telah ditunjukkan oleh Abu Darda dan Abu Dzar Radhiyallahu 'anhuma, dari Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, dari Allah yang Mahaperkasa lagi Mahamulia, dimana Dia berfirman :"Wahai anak Adam, ruku'lah untuk-Ku empat rakaat di awal siang, niscaya Aku akan mencukupimu di akhir siang" Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi. [13]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sedangkan shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan enam rakaat, ditunjukkan oleh hadits Anas bin Malik Radhiyallahu 'anhu : "Bahwa Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam pernah mengerjakan shalat Dhuha enam rakaat" Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi di dalam kitab Asy-Syamaa-il. [14]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan delapan rakaat ditunjukkan oleh hadits Ummu Hani, di mana dia bercerita :"Pada masa pembebasan kota Makkah, dia mendatangi Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam ketika beliau berada di atas tempat tinggi di Makkah. Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam beranjak menuju tempat mandinya, lalu Fathimah memasang tabir untuk beliau. Selanjutnya, Fatimah mengambilkan kain beliau dan menyelimutkannya kepada beliau. Setelah itu, beliau mengerjakan shalat Dhuha delapan rekaat" [15] Diriwayatkan Asy-Syaikhani. [16]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sedangkan shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan dua belas rakaat ditunjukkan oleh hadits Abud Darda Radhiyallahu 'anhu, di mana dia bercerita, Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">"Barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat Dhuha dua rakaat, maka dia tidak ditetapkan termasuk orang-orang yang lengah. Barangsiapa shalat empat rakaat, maka dia tetapkan termasuk orang-orang yang ahli ibadah. Barangsiapa mengerjakan enam rakaat maka akan diberikan kecukupan pada hari itu. Barangsiapa mengerjakan delapan rakaat, maka Allah menetapkannya termasuk orang-orang yang tunduk dan patuh. Dan barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat dua belas rakaat, maka Allah akan membangunkan baginya sebuah rumah di Surga. Dan tidaklah satu hari dan tidak juga satu malam, melainkan Allah memiliki karunia yang danugerahkan kepada hamba-hamba-Nya sebagai sedekah. Dan tidaklah Allah memberikan karunia kepada seseorang yang lebih baik daripada mengilhaminya untuk selalu ingat kepada-Nya" Diriwayatkan oleh Ath-Thabrani.[17]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan bahwa berdasarkan hadits-hadits ini, diarahkan kemutlakan yang diberikan Sayyidah Aisyah Radhiyallahu 'anha saat ditanya oleh Mu'adzah :"Berapa rakaat Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam mengerjakan shalat Dhua?" Dia menjawab : "Empat rakaat dan bisa juga lebih, sesuai kehendak Allah" [18]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan shalat Dhuha yang dikerjakan dua rakaat dua rakaat, telah ditunjukkan oleh keumuman sabda Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam :"Shalat malam dan siang itu dua rakaat dua rakaat" [19]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan seorang muslim boleh mengerjakan shalat Dhuha empat rakaat secara bersambungan, sebagaimana layaknya shalat wajib empat rakaat. Hal itu ditunjukkan oleh kemutlakan lafazh hadits-hadits mengenai hal tersebut yang telah disampaikan sebelumnya, seperti sabda Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam :"Ruku'lah untuk-Ku dari permulaan siang empat rakaat". Dan juga seperti sabda beliau :"Barangsiapa mengerjakan shalat (Dhuha) empat rakaat maka dia ditetapkan termasuk golongan ahli ibadah" Wallahu a'lam</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[Disalin dari kitab Bughyatul Mutathawwi Fii Shalaatit Tathawwu, Edisi Indonesia Meneladani Shalat-Shalat Sunnah Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, Penulis Muhammad bin Umar bin Salim Bazmul, Penerbit Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi'i]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">___________</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Foote Note</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[1]. Kata sulaamaa adalah bentuk mufrad (tunggal) dan jamaknya adalah as-sulaamiyaatu yang berarti ruas jari-jemari. Kemudian kata itu dipergunakan untuk seluruh tulang dan ruas badan. Lihat kitab, Syarh Muslim, An-Nawawi V/233</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[2]. Hadits shahih. Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim, di dalam kitab Shalaatut Musaafirin wa Qashruha, bab Istihbaabu Shalaatidh Dhuha wa Anna Aqallaha Rak'aatani wa Akmalaha Tsamaanu Raka'aatin wa Ausathuha Arba'u Raka'aatin au Sittin wal Hatstsu 'alal Muhaafazhati 'alaiha, (hadits no. 720). Lihat juga kitab, Jami'ul Ushuul (IX/436)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[3]. Hadits hasan. Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad di dalam kitab, Al-Musnad (VI/440 dan 451). Dan juga diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi di dalam Kitaabush Shalaah, bab Maa Jaa-a fii Shalaatidh Dhuha, (hadits no. 475)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Mengenai hadits ini, At-Tirmidzi mengatakan : 'Hasan gharib" Dan dinilai shahih oleh Syaikh Ahmad Syakir di dalam tahqiqnya pada At-Tirmidzi. Juga dinilai shahih oleh Al-Albani di dalam kitab, Shahih Sunan At-Tirmidzi, (I/147). Serta dinilai hasan oleh muhaqqiq kitab, Jaami'ul Ushuul (IX/4370.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[4]. Hadits hasan. Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Khuzaimah (II/228), Al-Hakim di dalam kitab Al-Mustadrak (I/314), dan lafazh di atas milik keduanya. Diriwayatkan juga oleh Ath-Thabrani di dalam kitab Al-Ausath (II/279-Majma'ul Bahrain) tanpa ucapan :"Dan ia adalah shalatnya orang-orang yang kembali kepada Allah (Awwaabiin)".</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan hadits di atas dinilai shahih oleh Al-Hakim dengan syarat Muslim. Dan dinilai hasan oleh Al-Albani di dalam kitab, Silsilah Al-Ahaadiits Ash-Shahiihah (hadits no. 1994).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[5]. Majmuu'al Al-Fataawaa (XXII/284)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[6]. Dan inilah yang tampak, yang ditunjukkan oleh hadits-hadits terdahulu. (Nailul Authaar III/77).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sedangkan Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah rahimahullah setelah menetapkan kesepakatan para ulama tas sunnahnya bahwa Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam tidak mengerjakan shalat Dhuha secara terus menerus, kemudian menetapkan hukum sunnatnya, dimana dia mengatakan : "Muncul pertanyaan : 'Apakah yang lebih baik, mengerjakan secara terus menerus ataukah tidak secara terus menerus seperti yang dilakukan Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam? Inilah di antara yang mereka pedebatkan". Dan yang lebih tepat adalah dengan mengatakan ;"Barangsiapa mengerjakan qiyaamul lail secara terus menerus, maka tidak perlu lagi baginya untuk mengerjakan shalat Dhuha secara terus menerus. Sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Dan barangsiapa yang tertidur sehingga tidak melakukan qiyamul lail, maka shalat Dhuha bisa menjadi pengganti bagi qiyamul lail" Majmu Al-Fataawaa (XXII/284).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan, (tetapi) lahiriyah nash menunjukkan disunnatkannya secara mutlak untuk mengerjakan shalat Dhuha secara terus menerus. Dan Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam pernah meninggalkan suatu amalan padahal beliau sangat suka untuk mengerjakannya karena beliau takut hal tersebut akan dikerjakan secara terus menerus oleh umat manusia sehingga akan diwajibkan kepada mereka. Dan inilah illat (alasan) tidak dikerjakannya shalat Dhuha secara terus menerus oleh Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Dengan demikian, nash-nash itu secara mutlak seperti apa adanya. Hal yang serupa seperti itu telah diisyaratkan oleh Sayyidah Aisyah Radhiyallahu 'anha, lihat kitab Jaami'ul Ushuul (VI/108-109).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[7]. Ath-Thibi mengatakan : "Shalat ini disebut shalat Isyraq, yaitu permulaan shalat Dhuha. Dia nukil di dalam kitab Tuhfatul Ahwadzi (I/405)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan, telah saya sampaikan kepada anda mengenai hal itu yang lebih luas dari sekedar isyarat ini. Lihat pembahasan tentang shalat Isyraq sebelumnya.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[8] Hadits hasan lighairihi. Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi di dalam Kitaabush Shalah, bab Dzikru Maa Yustahabbu minal Julus fil Masjid Ba'da Shalaatish Shubhi Hatta Taathlu'a Asy-Syams</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Mengenai hadits ini, At-Tirmidzi mengatakan :"Hasan gharib". Dengan beberapa syahidnya, hadits ini dinilai hasan oleh Al-Mubarakfuri di dalam kitab Tuhfatul Ahwadzi (I/406). Dan disepakati oleh Syaikh Akhmad Syakir di dalam tahqiqnya pada At-Tirmidzi (II/481). Juga dinilai hasan oleh Al-Albani di dalam kitab Shahih Sunan At-Tirmidzi (I/182). Dan dengan beberapa syahidnya, dinilai hasan oleh muhaqqiq kitab Jaami'ul Ushuul (IX/401).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan, di antara syahidnya adalah hadist berikutnya.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[9]. Hadits hasan. Diriwayatkan oleh Ath-Thabrani di dalam kitab Al-Mu'jamul Kabiir (VIII/174), 181 dan 209)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Sanad hadits di atas dinilai jayyid oleh Al-Mundziri dan Al-Haitsami. Dan dinilai hasa oleh Al-Albani di dalam kitab Shahih At-Targhiib wa Tarhiib (I/189). Dan lihat juga kitab, Majmu'uz Zawaa'id (X/104)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[10]. Di dalam kitab, Syarh An-Nawawi (VI/30). Imam Nawawi mengatakan : Ar-Ramdhaa' berarti kerikil yang menjadi panas oleh sinar matahari. Yaitu, ketika anak-anak unta sudah merasa panas. Al-Fushail berarti anak unta yang masih kecil". Lihat juga, Nailul Authaar (II/81)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[11]. Hadits shahih. Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim di dalam kitab Shalaatul Musaafirin wa Qasruha, bab Shalatut Awaabiin Hiina Tarmudhil Fihsaal, hadits no. 748.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[12]. Takhrijnya telah diberikan sebelumnya</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[13]. Takhrijnya telah diberikan sebelumnya</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[14]. Hadits shahih lighairihi. Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi di dalam kitab Asy-Syamaa'il, bab Shalatudh Dhuha, (hadits no. 273) hadits ini dinilai shahih lighairihi di dalam kitab, Mukhtashar Asy-Syamaailil Muhammadiyyah, (hal. 156). Beberapa sahid dan jalannya telah disebutkan di dalam kitab Irwaaul Ghaliil (II/216).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[15]. Di dalam hadits tersebut terdapat bantahan bagi orang yang mengaku bahwa</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">shalat ini adalah shalat al-fath (pembebasan), bukan shalat Dhuha. Lihat kitab, Zaadul Ma'ad (III/4100 dan juga Aunul Ma'buud (I/497)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[16]. Hadits shahih. Diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhari di dalam beberapa tempat di antaranya : Kitaabut Tahajjud, bab Shalaatudh Dhuhaa fis Safar (hadits no. 1176). Dan juga Muslim di dalam Kitaabul Haidh, bab Tasturuk Mughtasil bi Tsaubin au Nahwahu (hadits no. 336). Dan lafazh di atas adalah miliknya. Dan lihat juga kitab Jaami'ul Ushuul (VI/110).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[17]. Hadits ini disebutkan oleh Al-Haitsami di dalam kitab Majma'uz Zawaa'id (II/237) dan dia mengatakan : Diriwayatkan oleh Ath-Thabrani di dalam kitab Al-Kabiir. Di dalamnya terdapat Musa bin Ya'qub Az-Zam'i. Dinilai tsiqah oleh Ibnu Mu'in dan Ibnu Hibban serta dinilai dha'if oleh Ibnul Madini dan lain-lainnya. Dan sisa rijalnya adalah tsiqah.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan, Musa bin Ya'qub seorang yang shaduq, yang mempunyai hafalan buruk, sebagaimana yang disebutkan di dalam kitab, At-Taqriib (hal. 554). Dan diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bazzar di dalam kitab Kasyful Astaar (II/334), yang diperkuat oleh syahid dari Abu Dzar. Dan disebutkan oleh Al-Mundziri di dalam kitab At-Targhiib. Hadits Abud Darda dan Abu Dzar Radhiyalahu 'anhuma dinilai hasan oleh Al-Albani di dalam kitab Shahih At-Targhiib wat Tarhiib (I/279).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[18]. Hadits hasan. Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim di dalam kitab Shalatul Musafirin wa Qasruha, bab Istihbaabu Shaalatid Dhuha wa Anna Aqallaha Rak'ataani wa Akmalaha Tsamaanu Rak'atin wa Ausathuha Arba'u Rak'atin au Sittin wa Hatstsu 'alal Muhaafazhati Alaiha, (hadits no. 719).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">[19]. Hadits shahih. Takhrijnya sudah diberikan sebelumnya</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Peringatan.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Ada sebuah riwayat untuk hadits Ummu Hani terdahulu dengan lafazh : "Sesungguhnya Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa salam pernah mengerjakan shalat Dhuha delapan rakaat. Beliau mengucapkan salam setiap dua rakaat'. Dan hadits Ummu Hani asalnya terdapat di dalam kitab Ash-Shahihain, tetapi tidak dengan lafazh ini.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan diriwayatkan oleh Abud Dawud di dalam Kitaabush Shalaah, bab Shalatudh Dhuha (hadits no. 1234, II/234).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dan dalam sanad yang ada pada keduanya terdapat Iyadh bin Abdillah. Yang meriwayatkan darinya adalah Abdullah bin Wahb. Mengenai pribadi Iyadh ini. Abu Hatim mengatakan :"Dia bukan seorang yang kuat". Dan Ibnu Hibban menyebutnya di dalam deretan tsiqat. As-Saaji mengatakan : "Darinya, Wahb bin Abdillah meriwayatkan beberapa hadits yang di dalamnya masih mengandung pertimbangan". Yahya bin Ma'in mengatakan :"Dia seorang yang haditsnya dha'if". Abu Shalih mengatakan ;"Ditegaskan, dia memiliki kesibukan yang luar biasa di Madinah, di dalam haditsnya terdapat sesuatu" Al-Bukhari mengatakan : "Haditsnya munkar" Tahdziibut Tahdziib (VIII/201).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dapat saya katakan, haditsnya di sini diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Wahb, darinya. Yang tampak secara lahiriyah dari keadaan orang ini, bahwa dia tidak dimungkinkan untuk meriwayatkan seorang diri, sedangkan lafazh ini dia riwayatkan sendiri. Wallahu a'lam</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Dengan lafazh ini, hadits ini dinilai dha'if (lemah) oleh Al-Albani di dalam komentarnya terhadap kitab Shahih Ibni Khuzaimah (II/234). Dalam penjelasannya, dia menguraikan secara rinci illatnya di dalam kitab. Tamamul Minnah (hal. 258-259)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br style="clear: both;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Sans-erif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">sumber : http://www.almanhaj.or.id/content/2357/slash/0</span>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-21150319210594207942010-08-10T16:00:00.000+07:002010-08-10T16:00:11.135+07:00Silahkan di analisis<div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4521286&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs133.ash2/39996_418770832751_298400792751_4521286_6799011_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 460px;" /></a></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">السلام عليكم . بِسْــــمِ ﷲِالرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم.لا إله إلاَّ الله.محمد رسو ل الله</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">الحمد لله رب العا لمين. الصلاة و السلام على رسو ل الله.اما بعد</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">AYAT-AYAT CINTA TIDAK HANYA DALAM FILM ISLAMI LHO....</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Diharapkan kepada saudara yang masih di bawah umur untuk tidak membaca artikel ini, karena isinya untuk 18 tahun ke atas….. ^_^</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Selagi masih belum puasa, kami akan mengulangi sebuah artikel lama teman yang sudah diposting pada awal-awal berdirinya group ini dimana waktu itu anggotanya masih sekitar 20-30 ribu orang. Dan ini tak kalah pentingnya karena artikel ini ialah menunjukkan bagaimana kitab tetangga sudah</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>TERBUKTI gugur kesuciannya</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">karena bahasa yang digunakan sungguh teramat sangat tidak bermoral & tidak beradab.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Dan juga memperkuat tanda bahwa kitab tetangga semakin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>TERBUKTI tidak suci lagi</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">karena gagal dikatakan sebagai Firman Tuhan yang terindah, karena dari segi sastra & tata bahasanya terkalahkan oleh buatan manusia yang dapat membuat sastra lebih indah.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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<a name='more'></a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>Sebuah Kitab yang mengaku datang dari Tuhan, maka harus tidak boleh memiliki salah / cacat sedikit pun dari segala segi, baik dari ilmu pengetahuan, ilmu biologi, kimia, astronomi, astrofisika, geografi, geologi, oceanografi, tata bahasa, sastra tingkat tinggi, keindahan bahasa, kepadatan arti, hikmah & nasehat, kode-kode angka, jumlah ayat, jumlah huruf, jumlah surah, serta segala aspek, segala sisi sampai yang sekecil-kecilnya.</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522528&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs289.snc4/40794_418799027751_298400792751_4522528_6222274_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 460px;" /></a></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Qs.41 Fushshilat:42 Yang tidak datang kepadanya (Al-Quran) kebatilan baik dari depan maupun dari belakangnya, yang diturunkan dari Rabb yang Maha Bijaksana lagi Maha Terpuji.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Bukti-bukti kesalahan dari Bibel “Injil” Kristen ialah RATUSAN AYAT PORNO.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Saya ingat ada seorang Kristen yang</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>merubah-rubah ayat Qur’an</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">dan memfitnah Qur’an itu porno karena ayatnya tidak senonoh melalui sebuah milis yahoo group. Dia merubah memfitnah & merubah terjemahan Qur’an sedemikian rupa:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Sesungguhnya bagi yang takut pada Tuhan telah disediakan tempat yang aman, taman2 dan kebun2 anggur dan wanita2 sebaya BERPAYUDARA PENUH, dan sebuah gelas yang yang penuh sampai tumpah. Di dalamnya mereka tidak mendengar perkataan yang sia-sia dan tidak (pula) perkataan dusta. Qs. 78:31-34.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Dia menulis: Qur'an porno karena terdapat kata "Wanita sebaya BERPAYUDARA PENUH."</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Kami cuma tersenyum saja, lalu kami balas email lagi pada dia seperti ini:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Saudaraku, bunyi ayatnya tidak seperti itu, mengapa anda merubah ayat? Mari kita lihat ayat yang asli:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">QS. 78:31. Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang bertaqwa mendapat kemenangan,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">32. kebun-kebun dan buah anggur</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">33. dan gadis-gadis remaja yang sebaya</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">34. dan gelas-gelas yang penuh</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">35. Di dalamnya mereka tidak mendengar perkataan yang sia-sia dan tidak perkataan dusta.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Jadi tak ada penambahan kata "BERPAYUDARA PENUH".</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Jangan anda samakan Qur'an dengan alkitab tentang "Babi Haram", lalu ditambahi kata menjadi "BABI HUTAN HARAM", ini tak betul namanya.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Jika ingin permasalahkan ayat porno, baiklah akan saya beritahu pada saudara paling kurang 350 ayat porno kat alkitab chrisitian saudara, tapi untuk sekarang ini, saya tak ingin memberitahu semua ayat porno. Cukup beberapa contoh saja.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">AYAT-AYAT CINTA dalam Alkitab Kristen</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Amsal 5:19 rusa yang manis, kijang yang jelita; biarlah</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>BUAH DADANYA</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">selalu memuaskan engkau, dan engkau</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>SENANTIASA BIRAHI KARENA CINTANYA.</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522235&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs251.snc4/39897_418792397751_298400792751_4522235_6865597_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Sebelum kami lanjutkan, jika ada umat kristiani yang membaca artikel ini, maka apa yang saya ungkapkan ini ialah fakta & bukti nyata yang masih dapat dilihat sendiri detik ini juga. Dari itu, janganlah protes pada kami, tapi proteslah pada alkitab bibel yang ada ditangan saudara sendiri. Ajukan gugatan pada Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia agar merubah ayatnya.Apalagi Undang-undang Pornografi & Pornoaksi sudah berlaku di negeri kita. Toh sudah terlanjur basah ayat</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>"Babi Haram"</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">pun diganti menjadi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>"Babi HUTAN Haram."</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; color: #333333; float: right; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522218&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs211.snc4/38877_418792147751_298400792751_4522218_1223659_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">AMSAL 7: 16 Telah kubentangkan permadani di atas tempat tidurku, kain lenan beraneka warna dari Mesir.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">17 Pembaringanku telah kutaburi dengan mur, gaharu dan kayu manis.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">18</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><b>Marilah kita memuaskan birahi hingga pagi hari, dan bersama-sama menikmati asmara.<br />
19 Karena suamiku tidak di rumah, ia sedang dalam perjalanan jauh,</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
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</span><div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522238&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs248.snc4/39758_418792442751_298400792751_4522238_3154633_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">Yehezkiel 23:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span><ol style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li><b>Datanglah firman TUHAN</b> kepadaku:</li>
<li>"Hai anak manusia, ada dua orang perempuan, anak dari satu ibu.</li>
<li>Mereka bersundal di Mesir, mereka bersundal [berzina] pada masa mudanya; <b>DI SANA SUSUNYA DIJAMAH-JAMAH DAN DADA KEPERAWANANNYA DIPEGANG-PEGANG.</b></li>
<li>Nama yang tertua ialah Ohola dan nama adiknya ialah Oholiba. Mereka Aku punya dan mereka melahirkan anak-anak lelaki dan perempuan. Mengenai nama-nama mereka, Ohola ialah Samaria dan Oholiba ialah Yerusalem.</li>
<li>Dan Ohola berzinah, sedang ia Aku punya. <b>IA SANGAT BIRAHI KEPADA KEKASIH-KEKASIHNYA,</b> kepada orang Asyur, pahlawan-pahlawan perang,</li>
<li>berpakaian kain ungu tua, bupati-bupati dan penguasa-penguasa, semuanya pemuda yang ganteng, pasukan kuda.</li>
<li>Ia melakukan persundalannya dengan mereka, semuanya orang Asyur pilihan; ia menajiskan dirinya dengan semua orang, <b>KEPADA SIAPA IA BIRAHI</b> dan dengan berhala-berhalanya.</li>
<li>Ia tidak meninggalkan persundalannya yang dilakukannya sejak dari Mesir, <b>SEBAB PADA MASA MUDANYA ORANG SUDAH MENIDURINYA, DAN MEREKA MEMEGANG-MEGANG DADA KEPERAWANANNYA DAN MENCURAHKAN PERSUNDALAN MEREKA KEPADANYA</b>.</li>
<li>Oleh sebab itu Aku menyerahkan dia ke dalam tangan kekasih-kekasihnya, dalam tangan orang Asyur, <b>KEPADA SIAPA IA BIRAHI.</b></li>
<li><b>MEREKA MENYINGKAPKAN AURATNYA</b>, anak-anaknya lelaki dan perempuan ditangkap dan ia sendiri dibunuh dengan pedang. Dengan demikian namanya dipercakapkan di antara kaum perempuan sebab hukuman telah dijatuhkan atasnya.</li>
<li>Walaupun hal itu dilihat oleh adiknya, Oholiba, <b>IA LEBIH BIRAHI LAGI DAN PERSUNDALANNYA MELEBIHI LAGI DARI KAKAKNYA</b>.</li>
<li><b>IA BIRAHI KEPADA ORANG ASYUR, KEPADA BUPATI-BUPATI DAN PENGUASA-PENGUASAN KEPADA PAHLAWAN-PAHLAWAN PERANG YANG PAKAIANNYA SANGAT SEMPURNA, KEPADA PASUKAN KUDA, SEMUANYA PEMUDA YANG GANTENG</b>.</li>
<li>Aku melihat bahwa ia menajiskan diri; kelakuan mereka berdua adalah sama.</li>
<li>Bahkan, ia menambah persundalannya lagi: ia melihat laki-laki yang terukir pada dinding, gambar orang-orang Kasdim, diukir dalam warna linggam,</li>
<li>pinggangnya diikat dengan ikat pinggang, kepalanya memakai serban yang berjuntai, semuanya kelihatan seperti perwira, yang menyerupai orang Babel dari Kasdim, tanah kelahiran mereka.</li>
<li>Segera sesudah kelihatan oleh matanya <b>IA BIRAHI KEPADA MEREKA</b> dan mengirim suruhan kepada mereka ke tanah Kasdim.</li>
<li>Maka orang Babel datang kepadanya <b>MENIKMATI TEMPAT TIDUR PERCINTAAN DAN MENAJISKAN DIA DENGAN PERSUNDALAN MEREKA</b>; sesudah ia menjadi najis oleh mereka, ia meronta dari mereka.</li>
<li>Oleh karena <b>IA MELAKUKAN PERSUNDALANNYA DENGAN TERANG-TERANGAN DAN MEMPERLIHATKAN SENDIRI AURATNYA</b>, maka Aku menjauhkan diri karena jijik dari padanya, seperti Aku menjauhkan diri dari adiknya.</li>
<li><b>IA MELAKUKAN LEBIH BANYAK LAGI PERSUNDALANNYA</b> sambil teringat kepada masa mudanya, waktu ia bersundal di tanah Mesir.</li>
<li><b>IA BIRAHI KEPADA KAWAN-KAWANNYA BERSUNDAL, yang AURATNYA SEPERTI AURAT KELEDAI DAN ZAKARNYA SEPERTI ZAKAR KUDA</b>.</li>
<li>Engkau menginginkan <b>KEMESUMAN MASA MUDAMU, WAKTU ORANG MESIR MEMEGANG-MEGANG DADAMU DAN MENJAMAH-JAMAH SUSU KEGADISANMU</b>.</li>
<div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522207&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs269.snc4/39787_418792067751_298400792751_4522207_2455412_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>
Hakim-hakim 19:25 Tetapi orang-orang itu tidak mau mendengarkan perkataannya. Lalu orang Lewi itu menangkap gundiknya dan membawanya kepada mereka ke luar,<b>KEMUDIAN MEREKA BERSETUBUH DENGAN PEREMPUAN ITU DAN SEMALAM-MALAMAN ITU MEREKA MEMPERMAINKANNYA, SAMPAI PAGI. BARULAH PADA WAKTU FAJAR MENYINGSING MEREKA MELEPASKAN PEREMPUAN ITU</b>.
<div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522237&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs132.ash2/39920_418792422751_298400792751_4522237_4906010_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>Yehezkiel 16:25 Pada setiap persimpangan jalan engkau membangun bukit pengorbanan dan menjual kecantikanmu menjadi kekejian dengan<b>MERENGGANGKAN KEDUA PAHAMU BAGI SETIAP ORANG YANG LEWAT</b>, sehingga persundalanmu bertambah-tambah.
26 Engkau bersundal dengan orang Mesir, tetanggamu, <b>SI AURAT BESAR ITU</b>, sehingga persundalanmu bertambah-tambah, yang menimbulkan sakit hati-Ku.
27 Lihat, Aku telah melawan engkau dan telah mengurangi bagianmu dan menyerahkan engkau kepada kesewenang-wenangan orang-orang yang membenci engkau, yaitu perempuan-perempuan Filistin, yang merasa malu melihat tingkah lakumu yang mesum itu.
28 Engkau bersundal juga dengan orang Asyur, oleh karena <b>ENGKAU BELUM MERASA PUAS</b>; ya, engkau bersundal dengan mereka, tetapi <b>MASIH BELUM MERASA PUAS</b>.
29 Engkau memperbanyak lagi persundalanmu dengan negeri perdagangan Kasdim, tetapi dengan itu juga <b>ENGKAU BELUM MERASA PUAS</b>.
30 <b>BETAPA BESAR HAWA NAFSUMU itu</b>, demikianlah firman Tuhan ALLAH, engkau yang melakukan segala-galanya ini, yaitu <b>perbuatan seorang perempuan sundal jahanam</b>,
31 yang membangun tempatmu yang tinggi pada <b>SETIAP PERSIMPANGAN JALAN</b> dan membuat bukit pengorbananmu di <b>TIAP-TIAP TANAH LAPANG. Tetapi ENGKAU TIDAK SEPERTI SUNDAL BIASA, oleh KARENA ENGKAU MENOLAK UPAH SUNDAL</b>.
32 Hai <b>ISTERI YANG BERZINAH, yang MEMELUK ORANG-ORANG LAIN GANTI SUAMINYA</b> sendiri.
33 Kepada semua perempuan sundal orang memberi upah, tetapi engkau sebaliknya, engkau yang <b>MEMBERI HADIAH UMPAN kepada SEMUA YANG MENCINTAI ENGKAU SEBAGAI BUJUKAN</b>, supaya mereka dari sekitarmu <b>DATANG KEPADAMU UNTUK BERSUNDAL</b>.
34 Maka dalam persundalanmu engkau adalah kebalikan dari perempuan-perempuan yang lain; <b>bukan orang yang MENGEJAR ENGKAU HENDAK BERSUNDAL; tetapi ENGKAU YANG MEMBERI UPAH PERSUNDALAN</b>, sedang engkau tidak diberi apa-apa; itulah kebalikannya padamu. 35 Oleh karena itu, hai perempuan sundal,<b>DENGARKANLAH FIRMAN TUHAN!</b>
36 Beginilah <b>FIRMAN TUHAN ALLAH</b>: Oleh karena <b>engkau menghamburkan kemesumanmu dan AURATMU DISINGKAPKAN dalam persundalanmu</b> dengan orang yang mencintaimu dan dengan berhala-berhalamu yang keji dan oleh karena darah anak-anakmu yang engkau persembahkan kepada mereka,
37 sungguh, oleh karena itu <b>Aku akan mengumpulkan semua kekasihmu, yaitu yang merayu hatimu, baik yang engkau cintai maupun yang engkau benci; Aku akan mengumpulkan mereka dari sekitarmu untuk melawan engkau dan AKU AKAN MENYINGKAPKAN AURATMU DI HADAPAN MEREKA, SEHINGGA MEREKA MELIHAT SELURUH KEMALUANMU</b>.
<div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522219&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs278.snc4/40222_418792167751_298400792751_4522219_6357321_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>FITNAH PADA SEORANG NABI BERZINA DENGAN 2 PUTRINYA SAMPAI HAMIL KEDUANYA???
Kejadian 19:30 Pergilah Lot dari Zoar dan ia menetap bersama-sama dengan kedua anaknya perempuan di pegunungan, sebab ia tidak berani tinggal di Zoar, maka diamlah ia dalam suatu gua beserta kedua anaknya.
31 Kata kakaknya kepada adiknya: "Ayah kita telah tua, dan tidak ada laki-laki di negeri ini yang dapat menghampiri kita, seperti kebiasaan seluruh bumi.
32 <b>Marilah kita beri ayah kita minum anggur, lalu kita tidur dengan dia, supaya kita menyambung keturunan dari ayah kita."</b>
33 Pada malam itu mereka memberi ayah mereka minum anggur, <b>lalu masuklah yang lebih tua untuk tidur dengan ayahnya; dan ayahnya itu tidak mengetahui ketika anaknya itu tidur dan ketika ia bangun</b>.
34 Keesokan harinya berkatalah kakaknya kepada adiknya: <b>"Tadi malam aku telah tidur dengan ayah; baiklah malam ini juga kita beri dia minum anggur; masuklah engkau untuk tidur dengan dia, supaya kita menyambung keturunan dari ayah kita."</b>
35 Demikianlah juga pada malam itu mereka memberi ayah mereka minum anggur, <b>lalu bangunlah yang lebih muda untuk tidur dengan ayahnya; dan ayahnya itu tidak mengetahui ketika anaknya itu tidur dan ketika ia bangun.</b>
36 <b>Lalu mengandunglah kedua anak Lot itu dari ayah mereka</b>.
37 Yang lebih tua melahirkan seorang anak laki-laki, dan menamainya Moab; dialah bapa orang Moab yang sekarang.
38 Yang lebih mudapun melahirkan seorang anak laki-laki, dan menamainya Ben-Ami; dialah bapa bani Amon yang sekarang.
<div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522239&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs240.snc4/39362_418792457751_298400792751_4522239_3130567_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>FITNAH PADA SEORANG NABI MENGINTIP WANITA MANDI, TERANGSANG, BERSETUBUH, HAMIL???
2 Samuel 11:1 Pada pergantian tahun, pada waktu raja-raja biasanya maju berperang, maka Daud menyuruh Yoab maju beserta orang-orangnya dan seluruh orang Israel. Mereka memusnahkan bani Amon dan mengepung kota Raba, sedang Daud sendiri tinggal di Yerusalem.
2 Sekali peristiwa pada waktu petang, ketika Daud bangun dari tempat pembaringannya, lalu <b>berjalan-jalan di atas sotoh istana, tampak kepadanya dari atas sotoh itu seorang perempuan sedang mandi; perempuan itu sangat elok rupanya</b>.
3 Lalu Daud menyuruh orang bertanya tentang perempuan itu dan orang berkata: "Itu adalah Batsyeba binti Eliam, isteri Uria orang Het itu."
4 Sesudah itu Daud menyuruh orang mengambil dia. Perempuan itu datang kepadanya,<b>lalu Daud tidur dengan dia</b>. Perempuan itu baru selesai membersihkan diri dari kenajisannya. Kemudian pulanglah perempuan itu ke rumahnya.
5 <b>Lalu mengandunglah perempuan itu dan disuruhnya orang memberitahukan kepada Daud, demikian: "Aku mengandung."</b>
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Hosea 1:2 Ketika TUHAN mulai berbicara dengan perantaraan Hosea, berfirmanlah Ia kepada Hosea: <b>"Pergilah, kawinilah seorang perempuan sundal dan peranakkanlah anak-anak sundal, karena negeri ini bersundal hebat dengan membelakangi TUHAN."</b>
3 Maka pergilah ia dan mengawini Gomer binti Diblaim, lalu mengandunglah perempuan itu dan melahirkan baginya seorang anak laki-laki.
BIARLAH ISTRI-KU BERSETUBUH & DITIDURI ORANG LAIN???
Ayub 31:10 <b>maka biarlah isteriku menggiling bagi orang lain, dan biarlah orang-orang lain meniduri dia.</b>
PERINTAH TUHAN PADA NABI AGAR NABI BERJALAN TELANJANG SELAMA 3 TAHUN? PANTATNYA KELIHATAN?
Yesaya 20: 2 pada waktu itu <b>berfirmanlah TUHAN</b> melalui Yesaya bin Amos. Firman-Nya: <b>"Pergilah dan bukalah kain kabung dari pinggangmu dan tanggalkanlah kasut dari kakimu," lalu iapun berbuat demikian, maka berjalanlah ia telanjang dan tidak berkasut.</b>
3 <b>Berfirmanlah TUHAN: "Seperti hamba-Ku Yesaya berjalan telanjang dan tidak berkasut tiga tahun lamanya sebagai tanda dan alamat terhadap Mesir dan terhadap Etiopia</b>,
4 demikianlah raja Asyur akan menggiring orang Mesir sebagai tawanan dan orang Etiopia sebagai buangan, tua dan muda, <b>telanjang dan tidak berkasut dengan pantatnya kelihatan</b>, suatu penghinaan bagi Mesir.
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1 Samuel 19: 23 Lalu pergilah ia ke sana, ke Nayot, dekat Rama dan pada diapun hinggaplah Roh Allah, dan selama ia melanjutkan perjalanannya ia kepenuhan seperti nabi, hingga ia sampai ke Nayot dekat Rama.
24 <b>Iapun menanggalkan pakaiannya, dan iapun juga kepenuhan di depan Samuel. Ia rebah terhantar dengan telanjang sehari-harian dan semalam-malaman itu. Itulah sebabnya orang berkata: "Apakah juga Saul termasuk golongan nabi?"</b>
<div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522251&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs204.snc4/38562_418792607751_298400792751_4522251_2928360_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>TIDAK KAKAKKU, JANGAN PERKOSA AKU…!!! TAPI ENAK JUGA DEH, DISURUH PERGI GA MAU…???
2 Samuel 13:5 Lalu berkatalah Yonadab kepadanya: "Berbaringlah di tempat tidurmu dan berbuat pura-pura sakit. Apabila ayahmu datang menengok engkau, maka haruslah engkau berkata kepadanya: Izinkanlah adikku Tamar datang memberi aku makan. Apabila ia menyediakan makanan di depan mataku, sehingga aku dapat melihatnya, maka aku akan memakannya dari tangannya."
6 Sesudah itu berbaringlah Amnon dan berbuat pura-pura sakit. Ketika raja datang menengok dia, berkatalah Amnon kepada raja: "Izinkanlah adikku Tamar datang membuat barang dua kue di depan mataku, supaya aku memakannya dari tangannya."
7 Lalu Daud menyuruh orang kepada Tamar, ke rumahnya, dengan pesan: "Pergilah ke rumah Amnon, kakakmu dan sediakanlah makanan baginya."
8 Maka Tamar pergi ke rumah Amnon, kakaknya, yang sedang berbaring-baring, lalu anak perempuan itu mengambil adonan, meremasnya dan membuat kue di depan matanya, kemudian dibakarnya kue itu.
9 Sesudah itu gadis itu mengambil kuali dan mengeluarkan isinya di depan Amnon, tetapi ia tidak mau makan. Berkatalah Amnon: "Suruhlah setiap orang keluar meninggalkan aku." Lalu keluarlah setiap orang meninggalkan dia.
10 Lalu berkatalah Amnon kepada Tamar: "Bawalah makanan itu ke dalam kamar, supaya aku memakannya dari tanganmu." Tamar mengambil kue yang disediakannya itu, lalu membawanya kepada Amnon, kakaknya, ke dalam kamar.
11 <b>Ketika gadis itu menghidangkannya kepadanya supaya ia makan, dipegangnyalah gadis itu dan berkata kepadanya: "Marilah tidur dengan aku, adikku."</b>
12 Tetapi gadis itu berkata kepadanya: <b>"Tidak kakakku, jangan perkosa aku,</b>sebab orang tidak berlaku seperti itu di Israel. Janganlah berbuat noda seperti itu.
13 Dan aku, ke manakah kubawa kecemaranku? Dan engkau ini, engkau akan dianggap sebagai orang yang bebal di Israel. Oleh sebab itu, berbicaralah dengan raja, sebab ia tidak akan menolak memberikan aku kepadamu."
14 <b>Tetapi Amnon tidak mau mendengarkan perkataannya, dan sebab ia lebih kuat dari padanya, diperkosanyalah dia, lalu tidur dengan dia</b>.
15 Kemudian timbullah kebencian yang sangat besar pada Amnon terhadap gadis itu, bahkan lebih besar benci yang dirasanya kepada gadis itu dari pada cinta yang dirasanya sebelumnya. Lalu Amnon berkata kepadanya: "Bangunlah, enyahlah!"
16 Lalu berkatalah gadis itu kepadanya: <b>"Tidak kakakku, sebab menyuruh aku pergi adalah lebih jahat dari pada apa yang telah kaulakukan kepadaku tadi. </b>" Tetapi Amnon tidak mau mendengarkan dia.
<div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522222&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-c.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs285.snc4/40591_418792257751_298400792751_4522222_1921743_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>ANAK NABI YAKUB BERSETUBUH DENGAN IBU TIRI-NYA KE EMPAT TAPI TIDAK DIHUKUM OLEH NABI YAKUB???
Kejadian 35:22 Ketika Israel diam di negeri ini, terjadilah bahwa <b>Ruben sampai tidur dengan Bilha, gundik ayahnya, dan kedengaranlah hal itu kepada Israel.</b> (35-22b) Adapun anak-anak lelaki Yakub dua belas orang jumlahnya.
23 Anak-anak Lea ialah Ruben, anak sulung Yakub, kemudian Simeon, Lewi, Yehuda, Isakhar dan Zebulon.
TELANJANG BUGIL SAMPAI ANU-NYA KELIHATAN
Yehezkiel 23:29 Mereka akan memperlakukan engkau dengan kebencian dan akan merampas segala hasil jerih payahmu <b>dan meninggalkan engkau telanjang bugil, sehingga aurat persundalanmu kelihatan</b>.
TANGAN PEREMPUAN PEGANG BURUNG-NYA ORANG LAIN HARUS DIPOTONG, JANGAN MERASA KASIHAN!
Ulangan 25: De 25:11 "Apabila dua orang berkelahi dan isteri yang seorang datang mendekat untuk menolong suaminya dari tangan orang yang memukulnya, <b>dan PEREMPUAN ITU MENGULURKAN TANGANNYA DAN MENANGKAP KEMALUAN ORANG ITU, </b>
12 <b>maka HARUSLAH KAUPOTONG TANGAN PEREMPUAN ITU; JANGANLAH ENGKAU MERASA SAYANG KEPADANYA." </b>
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Hakim-hakim 19:24 <b>Tetapi ada anakku perempuan, yang masih perawan, dan juga gundik orang itu, baiklah kubawa keduanya ke luar; perkosalah mereka</b> dan perbuatlah dengan mereka apa yang kamu pandang tetapi terhadap orang ini janganlah kamu berbuat noda."
DADA PEREMPUAN ASING & BIRAHI PADA PEREMPUAN JALANG!!!
Amsal 5:20 Hai anakku, <b>mengapa engkau birahi akan perempuan jalang, dan mendekap dada perempuan asing? </b>
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Kidung Agung 8:8 --<b>Kami mempunyai seorang adik perempuan, yang belum mempunyai buah dada</b>. Apakah yang akan kami perbuat dengan adik perempuan kami pada hari ia dipinang?
(Kalo mo ngegedein payudara ya di solusinya ada di Yehezkiel 23:2 & 21. Engkau menginginkan <b>KEMESUMAN MASA MUDAMU, WAKTU ORANG MESIR MEMEGANG-MEGANG DADAMU DAN MENJAMAH-JAMAH SUSU KEGADISANMU</b>……….. Masak sih seperti ini aja harus diajarin? ^_^)
BUAH DADA KERING…
Hosea 9:14 Berilah kepada mereka, ya TUHAN--apakah yang hendak Kauberi? Berilah kepada mereka kandungan yang mandul <b>dan buah dada yang kering</b>.
<div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522268&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs132.ash2/39933_418792817751_298400792751_4522268_3332295_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>MENGHAMPIRI PEREMPUAN SUNDAL…
Hakim-hakim 16:1 Pada suatu kali, ketika Simson pergi ke Gaza, <b>dilihatnya di sana seorang perempuan sundal, lalu menghampiri dia</b>.
ANAK SUNDAL KURANG AJAR!!!
1 Samuel 20:30 Lalu bangkitlah amarah Saul kepada Yonatan, katanya kepadanya: <b>"Anak sundal yang kurang ajar!</b> Bukankah aku tahu, bahwa engkau telah memilih pihak anak Isai dan itu noda bagi kau sendiri dan bagi perut ibumu?
DAHI WANITA SUNDAL TAK TAHU MALU!!!
Yeremia 3:3 Sebab itu dirus hujan tertahan dan hujan pada akhir musim tidak datang.<b>Tetapi dahimu adalah dahi perempuan sundal, engkau tidak mengenal malu</b>.
<div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522269&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs229.snc4/38811_418792837751_298400792751_4522269_7328367_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>MENGHAMBURKAN AURAT BAGI SETIAP ORANG YANG LEWAT…
Yehezkiel 16:15 “Tetapi engkau mengandalkan kecantikanmu dan engkau seumpama bersundal dalam menganggarkan ketermasyhuranmu <b>dan engkau menghamburkan persundalanmu kepada setiap orang yang lewat</b>.
MEMPERKOSA WANITA-WANITA & GADIS-GADIS…
Ratapan 5:11 <b>Mereka memperkosa wanita-wanita di Sion dan gadis-gadis di kota-kota Yehuda</b>.
ENGKAU DIPERKOSA!!!
Yeremia 13:22 Dan apabila engkau bertanya dalam hatimu: "Mengapakah semuanya ini menimpa aku?" Karena banyaknya kesalahanmulah <b>maka disingkapkan ujung kainmu dan engkau diperkosa!</b>
<div class="photo photo_right" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522102&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs238.snc4/39236_418789042751_298400792751_4522102_4038018_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>CATATAN: Masih banyak terdapat ayat-ayat cinta lainnya dalam alkitab, jumlah ayat-ayat cinta tersebut mencapai lebih dari 350 ayat, saya sendiri belum menghitungnya karena baru baca beberapa ayat saja sudah ngos-ngosan & ingin segera menemui istri tercinta, maklum, ayat-ayat cinta-nya sangat mendalam sekali & mudah mengetuk hati & jiwa.
Ayat-ayat lucah, porno, mesum & kasar diatas tidak menutup kemungkinan bagi lembaga alkitab untuk merubahnya perlahan demi perlahan.
<b>Buktinya: Ayat di Yehezkiel pada tahun 1928 berbunyi:
MATA SUSUNYA DIPERMAINKAN, PELIRNYA SEPERTI PELIR KELEDAI DAN PANCARANNYA SEPERTI PANCARAN KUDA</b>
Tapi pada alkitab terbitan baru 2006 telah diganti menjadi:
<b>SUSU KEGADISANNYA DIJAMAH-JAMAH! AURATNYA SEPERTI AURAT KELEDAI DAN ZAKARNYA SEPERTI ZAKAR KUDA.</b>
ini jelas lain pak... antara “mata susu” dengan “susu kegadisan” itu lain!
"MATA SUSUNYA DIPERMAINKAN" jelas mengandung arti yang lebih DAHSYAT & LEBIH MESUM / LEBIH LUCAH / LEBIH MERANGSANG LIBIDO & GAIRAH BIRAHI ASMARA dibanding dengan kata-kata "SUSU KEGADISANNYA DIJAMAH-JAMAH."
lebih parah lagi, penghalusan kata-kata ini tidak terjadi pada 80 atau 90 ayat, tapi pada seluruh kitab dari kidung agung sejak pasal pertama ayat pertama hingga pasal terakhir ayat terakhir!
<b>Ada seorang pendeta / paderi kristen yang dihukum mati</b> karena menterjemahkan kidung agung langsung dari bahasa aslinya. Mengapa dihukum? karena arti yang sesungguhnya adalah ...maaf... bulu kelamin pria...bulu kelamin wanita... batang kemaluan pria... daging kelamin wanita... pucuk mata puting payudara wanita ... melumat batang kelamin pria ... menyedot daging kelamin wanita... kakak beradik kandung bersetubuh... keelokan & mulusnya tubuh wanita... dst dsb... terlalu banyak jika dibahas karena hampir seratus ayat cinta yang dirubah... ♀♂...
waduh... saya lagi puasa ni pak... tapi biarlah, al imannu bin niat... amal itu tergantung niat... (Artikel ini ditulis Ramadhan 2009)
itulah mengapa meski agama Yahudi yang mengakui Perjanjian lama / Old Testament, tapi mereka sama sekali tidak mengakui kitab Kidung Agung / Songs of Solomon ini sebagai bagian dari FIRMAN TUHAN / KATA-KATA TUHAN.
Orang Kristen berkata bahwa segala tulisan yang diwahyukan "roh kudus" berguna untuk memberi pelajaran, tapi mengapa ayatnya dirubah? Apakah lain roh kudus maka lain pendapat? bagaimana pelajaran bisa tepat jika ayatnya dirubah? apa roh kudus lain lebih memiliki moral, norma, adab & sopan santun sehingga mengilhami orang lain lagi untuk merubah & menghaluskan kata-katanya?
Juga, apa gunanya ratusan ayat dari kidung agung mulai pasal pertama ayat pertama hingga pasal terahir ayat terakhir??? Tidak ada gunanya sama sekali meski telah kata-katanya telah dirubah & diperhalus. Isinya hanyalah puisi bercinta, cara merayu wanita, kenikmatan cinta & kenikmatan anggota tubuh dalam adegan seksual.
Lagipula, jika umat Kristen mengakui itu sebagai bagian dari Firman Tuhan, mengapa mereka malu membacanya? Mengapa kata-katanya dirubah menjadi halus? Yang sudah dirubah dihaluskan pun masih terlihat kasar! Mengapa mereka tetap malu membaca ayat versi yang telah dirubah? Mengapa malu untuk membangga-banggakannya? malu menyampaikan ayat-ayat cinta ini pada umat agama lain bahkan pada putra-putri gadisnya sendiri atau malah malu pada dirinya sendiri?
apakah ini berarti manusia lebih memiliki moral & adab sopan santun dibanding Tuhan yang "katanya" telah memfirmankan & mewahyukannya???????
hanya ada 3 pilihan:
1. tetap percaya 100% itu Firman Tuhan
2. Merubah ayatnya secara perlahan
3. Tidak percaya ayat-ayat itu sebagai Firman Tuhan.
Silahkan, pilih, saudara memiliki akal untuk memilih & menguji mana yang terbaik.
ini kenyataan pak... apa artinya? Alkitab Kristen sudah tidak suci lagi.
harap diingat, perubahan ayat ini tidak hanya terjadi pada hal-hal diatas, tapi juga pada praktek ibadah, terutama dalam menyembah pada 1 Allah saja.
<div class="photo photo_left" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; width: 180px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4522273&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=298400792751" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs278.snc4/40243_418792897751_298400792751_4522273_5952603_a.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div></div>Bagi sudara terutama saudari yang masih umur tanggung, belia, gadis & remaja, silahkan nilai sendiri, mungkinkah Tuhan berfirman seperti ayat-ayat ini? Menurut saudara-saudari, apakah ayat tidak senonoh, lucah, kasar, cabul, kejam, sadis, syair, leceh, adegan biru ini Stensil porno atau Firman TUHAN? Apakah bacaan seperti berpengaruh baik pada jiwa & Psikolog? Bagaimana dengan 350 ayat lainnya?
Pendeta bilang ayat itu agar tidak berzina! Jika ayat ini cegah zina, kenapa sedikit orang Kristen tahu? Kenapa tidak tahu sejak dini? Kenapa ayat2 itu & 350an ayat porno lainnya tak dibacakan ke anak SD atau SMP Kristen agar kelak SMU & Mahasiswa tidak berzina?
Banyak sekali orang barat buat film cerita tentang Yesus, Musa, Ibrahim, samson dan lainnya yang ceritanya diambil dari alkitab. Lantas kenapa orang kristen tidak membuat film berdasar ayat-ayat diatas adegan-adegan cabul penuh penghayatan TANPA DISENSOR dan disebarkan serta diputar di sekolah-sekolah TK, SD, SMP & SMU agar remaja Kristen kelak jika mahasiswa akan jauh dari zina? Jika berhasil, maka pantaslah gereja membanggakan alkitabnya karena metode film ini. Apa susahnya menyewa bintang film yang cantik & ganteng untuk memerankannya, bukankan dana gereja didukung dari barat & vatikan?
<div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=246874&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=100000646390902" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs243.snc4/39499_139707809394098_100000646390902_246874_1722146_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div><div class="caption" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; color: #666666; font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: left;">Klik pada gambar untuk copy paste gambar lebih jelas untuk disebarkan... ^_^</div></div>
Tidak benar semua agama sama, hanya 1 agama benar! Qur’an menulis: Siapa cari agama selain Islam,maka sekali2 tidak diterima dari-nya, & dia di akhirat termasuk orang2 rugi (QS.3 Ali ‘Imran:85).
Tidak sempurna iman seorang muslim sampai dia menyayangi muslim lain seperti dirinya sendiri. Dan salah satu wujud sayang itu ialah amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Kemunkaran yang meraja lela saat ini ialah <b>"Semua Agama Sama"</b>. Mari kita buktikan semua agama tidak sama, hanya Islam saja satu-satunya agama yang <b>TERBUKTI</b> benar!
<b>Mukjizat Qur'an mencakup dari yang sangat sederhana, sampai yang penuh dengan kerumitan. Karena Qur'an diturunkan kepada semua manusia sepanjang zaman. Bahasanya mencakup dari yang sangat sederhana, sampai pada tingkat tertinggi dari ilmu bahasa & kesusasteraan yang baik.
Dengan demikian pesan yang dibawa bisa dicapai oleh setiap orang tanpa melihat tingkat pendidikannya. Sama halnya dengan mukjizat Qur'an, fenonema yang sungguh teramat sangat luar biasa ini dapat dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu: BUKTI SEDERHANA dan BUKTI RUMIT</b>
<div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=246875&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=100000646390902" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs123.ash2/39499_139707816060764_100000646390902_246875_2561854_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></a></div><div class="caption" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; color: #666666; font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: left;">Klik pada gambar untuk copy paste gambar lebih jelas untuk disebarkan... ^_^</div></div>
Bagi orang awam saja, keindahan bahasa & hikmah serta nasihat jiwa didalamnya sudah mampu membuktikan kemuliaan Qur'an bagi orang yang mau jujur menggunakan hati kecilnya. Diceritakan dalam sebuah kisah jika Abu Jahal pun menangis mendengar Rasulullah Muhammad SAW membaca Qur'an, namun sayang, Abu Jahal tidak mau mengakui Mukjizat Qur'an yang diturunkan pada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW.
Tidak dipertanyakan lagi, adalah salah satu kejaiban Al Qur’an bahwa fakta ilmiah ini, yang baru-baru saja ditemukan oleh para ilmuwan, telah dinyatakan dalam Al Qur’an.
<b><u>Maka apakah mereka tidak memperhatikan Al Quran? Kalau kiranya Al Quran itu bukan dari sisi Allah, tentulah mereka mendapat pertentangan yang banyak di dalamnya. QS. 4 An-Nisaa':82</u></b>
Maha Suci Allah dengan segala kekuasaan-Nya. Sungguh, apa-apa yang ditetapkan Allah, ada manfaat yang bisa diambil.
Segala puja & puji bagi ALLAH,,, Qur'an Mukjizat Sepanjang Masa!
Subhanallah...
1 lagi bukti...
Dari ilmiah.... Islam TERBUKTI Benar...
Dari nalar.... Islam TERBUKTI Benar...
Dari Sejarah.... Islam TERBUKTI Benar...
Dari Kitab agama lain pun.... Islam TERBUKTI Benar...
Tidak benar semua agama sama, agama yang diterima Allah cuma Islam saja.
Qs.3 Ali Imran:85. Barangsiapa mencari agama selain agama Islam, maka sekali-kali tidaklah akan diterima daripadanya, dan dia di akhirat termasuk orang-orang yang rugi.
<div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=246876&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=100000646390902" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs263.snc4/39499_139707819394097_100000646390902_246876_4723000_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 430px;" /></a></div></div>
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<div class="photo photo_none" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; line-height: 14px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="photo_img" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=246877&op=1&view=all&subj=144868932209673&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=144868932209673&id=100000646390902" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img class="img" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs123.ash2/39499_139707822727430_100000646390902_246877_533147_n.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 430px;" /></a></div><div class="caption" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: none; color: #666666; font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: left;">Klik pada gambar untuk copy paste gambar lebih jelas untuk disebarkan... ^_^</div></div>
<span>Klik share,bagikan,kongsi, jempol,like,suka,tag,tanda</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: block; float: left; margin-left: -10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span>i agar dakwah menyebar ke seluruh pelosok. More like/jempol & More comment = membantu dakwah karena posting ini akan sering muncul di wall member sebagai most recent update.
Allah berfirman: Menyampaikan=<b>Wajib</b> (bukan kata saya)
Qs.3:20 <b>Kewajiban</b> kamu hanyalah menyampaikan ❤♡ ❥ ♥
Qs.5:92 <b>Kewajiban</b> Rasul Kami, hanyalah menyampaikan dengan terang
Qs.16:82 <b>Kewajiban</b> yang dibebankan atasmu hanyalah menyampaikan
Qs.16:125 <b>Serulah</b> pada jalan Tuhan-mu dengan hikmah & pelajaran baik
Qs.42:48 <b>Kewajibanmu</b> tidak lain hanyalah menyampaikan ❤♡ ❥ ♥
Qs.64:12 <b>Kewajiban</b> Rasul Kami hanyalah menyampaikan dengan terang
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<b>Ayo mari menyampaikan.... SAMPAIKANLAH MESKI CUMA 1 AYAT</b>
Thanx 2 ALL 4 Support ^_^
<b>TOLONG SAMPAIKAN dengan undang teman pada group ini supaya lebih banyak lagi orang tahu kalau cuma Islam saja satu-satunya agama yg TERBUKTI BENAR</b> ❤♡ ❥ ♥ Semoga Allah membalas amal kita semua</ol>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-41955662868540754572010-07-20T10:54:00.000+07:002010-07-20T10:54:26.688+07:00ITS TIME TO RAMADHAN!!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ramadan.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/eid-mubarak-mehndi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://www.ramadan.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/eid-mubarak-mehndi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'OCR A Extended'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; text-align: left;">Yogyakarta- Muhammadiyah melalui Maklumat PP Muhammadiyah nomor: 05/MLM/I.0/E/2010, telah menetapkan awal Ramadhan, 1 Syawwal, dan 1 Dzulhijjah 1431H, termasuk di dalamnya adalah penetapan tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah atau hari Idul Adha.<br />
<br />
Dalam surat yang ditandatangani oleh ketua umum PP Muhammadiyah Din Syamsuddin, dan sekretaris umum Agung Danarto tersebut, juga berisi himbauan berkenaan dengan ibadah pada bulan Ramadhan. Bersamaannya bulan Ramadhan dengan hari kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, juga menjadi bagian himbauan Maklumat PP Muhammadiyah untuk selalu menjadikan diri sebagai manusia yang merdeka, bebas dari belenggu-belenggu kehidupan dan pada akhirnya menjadi manusia yang seutuhnya.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
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Maklumat PP Muhammadiyah yang tertanggal 16 Juli 2010 tersebut, mengumumkan bahwa 1 Ramadhan 1431H, akan jatuh pada hari Rabu, 11 Agustus 2010, dan 1 Syawwal 1431H, pada hari Jum’at 10 September 2010. Untuk 1 Dzulhijjah 1431H, Muhammadiyah mengumumkan akan jatuh pada hari Sabtu 6 November 2010, yang berarti Idul Adha atau 10 Dzulhijjah 1431H akan jatuh pada hari Selasa 16 November 2010. (mac)</span></span>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-8577804801294934452010-07-14T09:53:00.000+07:002010-07-14T09:53:02.330+07:00Siapakah Mahram Anda?<div style="color: black;"><em>Segala puji bagi Allah, Rabb pengatur alam semesta. Shalawat dan salam kepada Nabi kita Muhammad, keluarga dan sahabatnya.</em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: 'OCR A Extended'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode',Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"><div class="postcontent" style="border-width: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.8em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="snap_preview" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Mungkin di antara kita ada yang tidak mengetahui apa itu mahrom dan siapa saja yang termasuk mahromnya. Padahal mahrom ini berkaitan dengan banyak masalah. Seperti tidak bolehnya wanita bepergian jauh (bersafar) kecuali dengan mahromnya. Tidak boleh seorang laki-laki dengan wanita berduaan kecuali dengan mahromnya. Wanita dan pria tidak boleh jabat tangan kecuali itu mahromnya. Dan masih banyak masalah lainnya.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dimaksud mahrom<a href="http://rumaysho.com/belajar-islam/muslimah/3039-siapakah-mahrom-anda.html#_ftn1" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(168, 239, 157); border-width: 0px 0px 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah wanita yang haram dinikahi oleh laki-laki. Mengenai mahrom ini telah disebutkan dalam firman Allah<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Ta’ala</em>,</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="more-534" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آَبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَمَقْتًا وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا (22) حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (23) وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ</div><blockquote style="background-image: url("http://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/motion/images/whitetrans.png"); border-width: 0px; font-style: italic; margin: 0.7em 0px 0.3em; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.7em; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Dan janganlah kamu kawini wanita-wanita yang telah dikawini oleh ayahmu, terkecuali pada masa yang telah lampau. Sesungguhnya perbuatan itu amat keji dan dibenci Allah dan seburuk-buruk jalan (yang ditempuh). Diharamkan atas kamu (mengawini) ibu-ibumu; anak-anakmu yang perempuan; saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan, saudara-saudara bapakmu yang perempuan; saudara-saudara ibumu yang perempuan; anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang laki-laki; anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan; ibu-ibumu yang menyusui kamu; saudara perempuan sepersusuan; ibu-ibu isterimu (mertua); anak-anak isterimu yang dalam pemeliharaanmu dari isteri yang telah kamu campuri, tetapi jika kamu belum campur dengan isterimu itu (dan sudah kamu ceraikan), maka tidak berdosa kamu mengawininya; (dan diharamkan bagimu) isteri-isteri anak kandungmu (menantu); dan menghimpunkan (dalam perkawinan) dua perempuan yang bersaudara, kecuali yang telah terjadi pada masa lampau; sesungguhnya Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang. Dan (diharamkan juga kamu mengawini) wanita yang bersuami, kecuali budak-budak yang kamu miliki (Allah telah menetapkan hukum itu) sebagai ketetapan-Nya atas kamu. Dan dihalalkan bagi kamu selain yang demikian (yaitu) mencari isteri-isteri dengan hartamu untuk dikawini bukan untuk berzina.</em>” (QS. An Nisa’: 22-24)</div></blockquote><br />
<a name='more'></a> </div></div></span></span></div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Mahrom di sini terbagi menjadi dua macam: [1]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><em>Mahrom muabbad</em></strong>, artinya tidak boleh dinikahi selamanya; dan [2]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><em>Mahrom muaqqot</em></strong>, artinya tidak boleh dinikahi pada kondisi tertentu saja dan jika kondisi ini hilang maka menjadi halal. Berikut kami rinci secara ringkas.</div><h2 style="border-width: 0px; font-family: Rockwell,Georgia,'Palatino Linotype',Palatino,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.8em 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>Mahrom Muabbad</strong></h2><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><em>Mahrom muabbad</em></strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>dibagi menjadi tiga: [1] Karena nasab, [2] Karena ikatan perkawinan (<em>mushoharoh</em>), [3] Karena persusuan (<em>rodho’ah</em>).</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>[1] Mahrom muabbad karena nasab ada tujuh wanita:</strong></div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Pertama: Ibu.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang termasuk di sini adalah ibu kandungnya, ibu dari ayahnya, dan neneknya (dari jalan laki-laki atau perempuan) ke atas.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kedua: Anak perempuan.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang termasuk di sini adalah anak perempuannya, cucu perempuannya dan terus ke bawah.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Ketiga: Saudara perempuan.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Keempat: Bibi dari jalur ayah (‘<em>ammaat</em>)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dimaksud di sini adalah saudara perempuan dari ayahnya ke atas. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah bibi dari ayahnya atau bibi dari ibunya.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kelima: Bibi dari jalur ibu (<em>khollaat</em>)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dimaksud di sini adalah saudara perempuan dari ibu ke atas. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah saudara perempuan dari ibu ayahnya.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Keenam dan ketujuh: Anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki dan saudara perempuan (keponakan).</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dimaksud di sini adalah anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki atau saudara perempuannya, dan ini terus ke bawah.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>[2] Mahrom muabbad karena ikatan perkawinan (mushoro’ah) ada empat wanita:</strong></div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Pertama: Istri dari ayah (ibu tiri).</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kedua: Ibu dari istri (ibu mertua). Ibu mertua ini menjadi mahrom selamanya (muabbad) dengan hanya sekedar akad nikah dengan anaknya (tanpa mesti anaknya disetubuhi), menurut mayoritas ulama. Yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah ibu dari ibu mertua dan ibu dari ayah mertua.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Ketiga: Anak perempuan dari istri (<em>robibah</em>). Ia bisa jadi mahrom dengan syarat si laki-laki telah menyetubuhi ibunya. Jika hanya sekedar akad dengan ibunya namun belum sempat disetubuhi, maka boleh menikahi anak perempuannya tadi. Yang termasuk mahrom juga adalah anak perempuan dari anak perempuan dari istri dan anak perempuan dari anak laki-laki dari istri.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Keempat: Istri dari anak laki-laki (menantu). Yang termasuk mahrom juga adalah istri dari anak persusuan.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>[3] Mahrom muabbad karena persusuan (rodho’ah):</strong></div><ol style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0.4em 0px 0.5em 2em; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Wanita yang menyusui dan ibunya.</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Anak perempuan dari wanita yang menyusui (saudara persusuan).</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Saudara perempuan dari wanita yang menyusui (bibi persusuan).</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Anak perempuan dari anak perempuan dari wanita yang menysusui (anak dari saudara persusuan).</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Ibu dari suami dari wanita yang menyusui.</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Saudara perempuan dari suami dari wanita yang menyusui.</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Anak perempuan dari anak laki-laki dari wanita yang menyusui (anak dari saudara persusuan).</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Anak perempuan dari suami dari wanita yang menyusui.</li>
<li style="border-width: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Istri lain dari suami dari wanita yang menyesui.</li>
</ol><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Adapun jumlah persusuan yang menyebabkan mahrom adalah lima persusuan atau lebih. Inilah pendapat Imam Asy Syafi’i, pendapat yang masyhur dari Imam Ahmad, Ibnu Hazm, Atho’ dan Thowus. Pendapat ini juga adalah pendapat Aisyah, Ibnu Mas’ud dan Ibnu Zubair.</div><h2 style="border-width: 0px; font-family: Rockwell,Georgia,'Palatino Linotype',Palatino,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.8em 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>Mahrom Muaqqot</strong></h2><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Artinya, mahrom (dilarang dinikahi) yang sifatnya sementara. Wanita yang tidak boleh dinikahi sementara waktu ada delapan.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Pertama: Saudara perempuan dari istri (ipar).</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak boleh bagi seorang pria untuk menikahi saudara perempuan dari istrinya dalam satu waktu berdasarkan kesepakatan para ulama. Namun jika istrinya meninggal dunia atau ditalak oleh si suami, maka setelah itu ia boleh menikahi saudara perempuan dari istrinya tadi.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kedua: Bibi (dari jalur ayah atau ibu) dari istri.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Nabi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>bersabda,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">لاَ تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَلاَ عَلَى خَالَتِهَا</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Tidak boleh seorang wanita dimadu dengan bibi (dari ayah atau ibu) -nya</em>.” (HR. Muslim no. 1408)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Namun jika istri telah dicerai atau meninggal dunia, maka laki-laki tersebut boleh menikahi bibinya.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Ketiga: Istri yang telah bersuami dan istri orang kafir jika ia masuk Islam.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Allah Ta’ala berfirman,</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Dan (diharamkan juga kamu mengawini) wanita yang bersuami, kecuali budak-budak yang kamu miliki (Allah telah menetapkan hukum itu) sebagai ketetapan-Nya atas kamu.</em>” (QS. An Nisa’: 24)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Jika seorang wanita masuk Islam dan suaminya masih kafir (ahli kitab atau agama lainnya), maka keislaman wanita tersebut membuat ia langsung terpisah dengan suaminya yang kafir. Hal ini berdasarkan firman Allah Ta’ala,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَآَتُوهُمْ مَا أَنْفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آَتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Hai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila datang berhijrah kepadamu perempuan-perempuan yang beriman, maka hendaklah kamu uji (keimanan) mereka. Allah lebih mengetahui tentang keimanan mereka;maka jika kamu telah mengetahui bahwa mereka (benar-benar) beriman maka janganlah kamu kembalikan mereka kepada (suami-suami mereka) orang-orang kafir. Mereka tiada halal bagi orang-orang kafir itu dan orang-orang kafir itu tiada halal pula bagi mereka. Dan berikanlah kepada (suami suami) mereka, mahar yang telah mereka bayar. Dan tiada dosa atasmu mengawini mereka apabila kamu bayar kepada mereka maharnya.</em>” (QS. Al Mumtahanah: 10)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Keempat: Wanita yang telah ditalak tiga, maka ia tidak boleh dinikahi oleh suaminya yang dulu sampai ia menjadi istri dari laki-laki lain.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Allah<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Ta’ala</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>berfirman,</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Kemudian jika si suami mentalaknya (sesudah talak yang kedua), maka perempuan itu tidak lagi halal baginya hingga dia kawin dengan suami yang lain. Kemudian jika suami yang lain itu menceraikannya, maka tidak ada dosa bagi keduanya (bekas suami pertama dan isteri) untuk kawin kembali jika keduanya berpendapat akan dapat menjalankan hukum-hukum Allah.”</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(QS. Al Baqarah: 230)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kelima: Wanita musyrik sampai ia masuk Islam.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Allah<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Ta’ala</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>berfirman,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Dan janganlah kamu menikahi wanita-wanita musyrik, sebelum mereka beriman. Sesungguhnya wanita budak yang mukmin lebih baik dari wanita musyrik, walaupun dia menarik hatimu.</em>” (QS. Al Baqarah: 221)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dikecualikan di sini adalah seorang laki-laki muslim menikahi wanita ahli kitab. Ini dibolehkan berdasarkan firman Allah<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Ta’ala</em>,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آَتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Pada hari ini dihalalkan bagimu yang baik-baik. Makanan (sembelihan) orang-orang yang diberi Al Kitab itu halal bagimu, dan makanan kamu halal (pula) bagi mereka. (Dan dihalalkan mangawini) wanita yang menjaga kehormatan di antara wanita-wanita yang beriman dan wanita-wanita yang menjaga kehormatan di antara orang-orang yang diberi Al Kitab sebelum kamu, bila kamu telah membayar mas kawin mereka dengan maksud menikahinya, tidak dengan maksud berzina dan tidak (pula) menjadikannya gundik-gundik</em>.” (QS. Al Maidah: 5)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Adapun wanita muslimah tidak boleh menikah dengan laki-laki ahli kitab atau laki-laki kafir. Hal ini berdasarkan firman Allah Ta’ala,</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Maka jika kamu telah mengetahui bahwa mereka (benar-benar) beriman maka janganlah kamu kembalikan mereka kepada (suami-suami mereka) orang-orang kafir. Mereka tiada halal bagi orang-orang kafir itu dan orang-orang kafir itu tiada halal pula bagi mereka</em>.” (QS. Al Mumtahanah: 10)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Keenam: Wanita pezina sampai ia bertaubat dan melakukan istibro’ (pembuktian kosongnya rahim).</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak boleh menikahi wanita pezina kecuali jika terpenuhi dua syarat:</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">(a) Wanita tersebut bertaubat.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Allah Ta’ala berfirman,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Laki-laki yang berzina tidak mengawini melainkan perempuan yang berzina, atau perempuan yang musyrik; dan perempuan yang berzina tidak dikawini melainkan oleh laki-laki yang berzina atau laki-laki musyrik, dan yang demikian itu diharamkan atas oran-orang yang mukmin</em>” (QS. An Nur: 3)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan taubat-lah yang akan menghilangkan status sebagai wanita pezina. Karena Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda,</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong></strong>التَّائِبُ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ كَمَنْ لاَ ذَنْبَ لَهُ<strong></strong></div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">”<em>Orang yang bertaubat dari suatu dosa seakan-akan ia tidak pernah berbuat dosa itu sama sekali.</em>” (HR. Ibnu Majah no. 4250. Syaikh Al Albani mengatakan bahwa hadits ini<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>hasan</em>)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">(b) Istibro’ yaitu menunggu satu kali haidh atau sampai bayi dalam kandungannya lahir. Inilah pendapat Imam Ahmad dan Imam Malik. Inilah yang lebih tepat.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Dalilnya adalah sabda Nabi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam</em>,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">لاَ تُوطَأُ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ وَلاَ غَيْرُ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ حَيْضَةً</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Wanita hamil tidaklah disetubuhi hingga ia melahirkan dan wanita yang tidak hamil istibro’nya (membuktikan kosongnya rahim) sampai satu kali haidh.</em>”<a href="http://rumaysho.com/belajar-islam/muslimah/3039-siapakah-mahrom-anda.html#_ftn2" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(168, 239, 157); border-width: 0px 0px 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(HR. Abu Daud no. 2157. Syaikh Al Albani mengatakan bahwa hadits ini<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>shahih</em>)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Ketujuh: Wanita yang sedang ihrom sampai ia tahallul.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Nabi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>bersabda,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">لاَ يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَلاَ يُنْكَحُ وَلاَ يَخْطُبُ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Orang yang sedang berihram tidak diperbolehkan untuk menikahkan, dinikahkan dan meminang.</em>” (HR. Muslim no. 1409, dari ‘Utsman bin ‘Affan)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Kedelapan: Tidak boleh menikahi wanita kelima sedangkan masih memiliki istri yang keempat.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Allah Ta’ala berfirman,</div><div dir="rtl" style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">“<em>Maka kawinilah wanita-wanita (lain) yang kamu senangi : dua, tiga atau empat</em>” (QS. An Nisa’: 3)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Bagi kaum muslimin dilarang menikahi lebih dari empat istri. Kecuali Nabi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>boleh menikahi lebih dari empat istri dan boleh menikah tanpa mahar.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Inilah pembahasan singkat mengenai mahrom. Semoga bermanfaat.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Wa billahit taufiq. Alhamdulillahilladzi bi ni’matihi tatimmush sholihaat. Wa shallallahu ‘ala nabiyyina Muhammad wa ‘ala aalihi wa shohbihi wa sallam.</em></div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>Referensi</strong>:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Shahih Fiqh Sunnah</em>, Syaikh Abu Malik<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>hafizhohullah,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>3/76-96, Al Maktabah At Taufiqiyah.</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Diselesaikan di Panggang-GK, 28 Jumadil Awwal 1431 H (12/05/2010)</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Penulis: Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal</div><div style="border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.6em 0px 0.2em; text-align: justify; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">Artikel<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.rumaysho.com/" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(168, 239, 157); border-width: 0px 0px 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(68, 68, 68); vertical-align: baseline;">www.rumaysho.com</a></div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-63713096313711811252010-07-13T08:24:00.000+07:002010-07-13T08:24:06.223+07:00KEHANCURAN YAHUDI<span class="hasTip"><br />
<li class="li_classic"><a href="http://www.lintasberita.com/kirimmedia/url:http://www.suara-islam.com/news/kajian-dan-dakwah/freemasonry/902-kehancuran-israel-menurut-al-quran" target="upg"> </a></li><br />
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<div class="img_caption left" style="float: left; width: 215px;"><img align="left" alt="alt" class="caption" src="http://www.suara-islam.com/news/images/stories/fauzan%20al%20anshori.jpg" /></div><strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Oleh: Fauzan Al-Anshari<br />
(Pimpinan Pesantren Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Anshorulloh Ciamis)</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br />
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<strong>Kejahatan Yahudi</strong><br />
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Tragedi Flotilla pekan lalu benar-benar menggetarkan hati manusia di seluruh dunia yang masih memiliki nurani kemanusiaan. Sehingga kutukan terhadap kebiadaban Israel terus mengalir dari berbagai belahan dunia. Tragedi itu menunjukkan dengan kasat mata, betapa kejahatan Israel tidak memandang agama, ras, dan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Pokoknya siapa saja yang menentang kebijakan Israel memblokade Gaza akan mereka serang dengan cara apa pun. Kejahatan semacam ini belum seberapa dibandingkan dengan kejahatan nenek moyang mereka terhadap para Nabi. Berikut ini sejumlah kejahatan Yahudi yang direkam oleh Al-Qur’an dan Hadits.<br />
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“Dan telah Kami tetapkan bagi Israil dalam al-Kitab itu: “Sesungguhnya kamu akan membuat kerusakan di muka bumi dua kali dan pasti kamu akan menyombongkan diri dengan kesombongan yang besar”. (QS. Al-Isra: 4). Kejahatan Yahudi disebabkan sifat dengki mereka: “Sebagian besar Ahli Kitab (Yahudi) menginginkan sekali agar mereka dapat mengembalikan kamu kepada kekafiran setelah kamu beriman, karena kedengkian yang timbul dari diri mereka sendiri setelah nyata bagi mereka kebenaran......”. (QS. al-Baqarah: 109).<br />
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Makar jahat mereka yang pertama terjadi pada zaman Nabi Ya’qub moyang mereka. Mereka berkeinginan menyingkirkan saudaranya sendiri, Yusuf yang berakhlaq mulia sehingga mereka lebih dicintai bapaknya. (QS.Yusuf: 7-18). Kegemaran mereka membunuh para Nabi dan Rasul seperti membunuh Nabi Yahya secara kejam yaitu memenggal lehernya dan kepalanya diletakkan di nampan emas. Nabi Zakaria juga dibunuh secara keji, yaitu dengan digergaji tubuhnya. Kedua pembunuhan ini terjadi pada masa pemerintahan raja Herodes. Mereka juga gemar membunuh orang-orang sholeh lainnya. “Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang kafir kepada ayat-ayat Allah dan membunuh para Nabi tanpa alasan yang benar, dan membunuh orang-orang yang menyuruh manusia berbuat adil, maka gembirakanlah mereka dengan siksa yang pedih“. (QS. Ali Imran: 21).<br />
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Nabi Isa pun tidak luput dari rencana busuk mereka, akan tetapi Allah SWT menyelamatkannya. “Dan karena ucapan mereka: Sesungguhnya kami telah membunuh al-Masih Isa ibnu Maryam Rasul Allah”. Padahal mereka tidak membunuhnya dan tidak pula menyalibnya, tetapi yang mereka bunuh dan salib itu ialah orang yang diserupakan dengan Isa bagi mereka (Yudas Iskaryot). Sesungguhnya orang yang berselisih paham tentang (pembunuhan Isa) benar-benar dalam keraguan tentang (yang dibunuh) itu, kecuali mengikuti persangkaan belaka, mereka tidak yakin bahwa yang mereka bunuh itu Isa”. (QS. An-Nisa’: 157).<br />
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Zu Nuwas adalah seorang raja Yahudi Najran di Yaman yang sangat fanatik, tidak ingin ada agama lain di daerah kekuasaannya. Alkisah ada sekelompok pengikut Nabi Isa yang setia (Nasrani), ketahuan oleh mata-mata kerajaan. Lalu mereka dipaksa murtad dan masuk Yahudi, siapa tidak mau akan dibakar hidup-hidup. Raja Zu Nuwas memerintahkan pasukannya untuk menggali parit dan menyiapkan kayu bakar, yang akan digunakan untuk membakar umat Nasrani yang tidak mau murtad. Kejadian ini dikisahkan di dalam Al-Qur’an: “Binasalah orang-orang yang membuat parit, yang berapi dinyalakan dengan kayu bakar, ketika mereka duduk di sekitarnya, sedang mereka menyaksikan apa yang mereka perbuat terhadap orang-orang beriman. Dan mereka tidak menyiksa orang-orang mukmin itu, melainkan karena orang-orang mukmin itu beriman kepada Allah SWT Yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Terpuji”. (QS. al-Buruj: 4-8).<br />
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Singkat cerita, kejahatan Yahudi pada masa Rasulullah pun tak kurang kejinya. Yahudi Bani Qainuqa' adalah Yahudi pertama yang mengingkari janjinya dengan Rasulullah, pemicunya adalah diganggunya seorang muslimah yang datang ke pasar mereka. Ia duduk di depan salah seorang pengrajin perhiasaan, mereka merayunya agar membuka cadar yang dipakainya namun ia menolak. Lalu si pengrajin menarik ujung baju si wanita dan mengikatkannya ke punggung wanita tadi, ketika berdiri terbukalah auratnya, lalu mereka menertawakannya. Sang wanita pun berteriak minta tolong. Seorang lelaki muslim mendengar lalu menerjang si pengrajin dan membunuhnya. Melihat kejadian itu orang-orang Yahudi mengerumuninya, dan beramai-ramai membunuh lelaki muslim tersebut. Mendengar berita kematian lelaki itu, maka keluarganya menuntut pertanggungjawaban orang-orang Yahudi. Maka Rasulullah datang bersama para sahabat mengepung mereka selama 15 malam. Atas perintah beliau mereka diberi hukuman untuk meninggalkan Madinah.<br />
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Yahudi Bani Nadhir melakukan pengkhianatan yang kedua. Suatu saat Rasulullah pergi ke perkampungan Yahudi bani Nadhir untuk meminta diyat (denda) dua orang muslim yang terbunuh dari Bani Amir, yang melakukan pembunuhan adalah Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Dhimari, seorang Yahudi. Permintaan itu diajukan karena sudah adanya ikatan perjanjian persahabatan antara Rasulullah dengan mereka. Ketika beliau datang mengutarakan maksud kedatangannya, mereka berkata: “Baik wahai Abu Qasim! kami akan membantumu dengan apa yang engkau inginkan.” Pada saat Rasulullah duduk bersandar di dinding rumah mereka, kemudian mereka saling berbisik, kata mereka: “Kalian tidak pernah mendapati lelaki itu dalam keadaan seperti sekarang ini, ini kesempatan buat kita. Karena itu hendaklah salah seorang dari kita naik ke atas rumah dan menjatuhkan batu karang ke arahnya”, dan untuk tugas ini diserahkan kepada Amr bin Jahsy bin Ka’ab. Lantas ia naik ke atas rumah guna melaksanakan rencana pembunuhan ini, tetapi Allah melindungi Rasul-Nya dari makar orang-orang Yahudi tersebut dengan mengirimkan berita lewat Malaikat Jibril tentang rencana jahat itu. Kemudian Rasulullah bergegas pulang ke Madinah, dan memberitahukan kepada para sahabatnya tentang usaha makar tersebut. Beliau memerintahkan para sahabatnya untuk bersiap-siap pergi memerangi mereka. Ketika orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir mengetahui kedatangan pasukan Rasulullah, mereka cepat pergi berlindung di balik benteng. Pasukan Islam mengepung perkampungan mereka selama 6 malam, beliau memerintahkan untuk menebang pohon kurma mereka dan membakarnya. Kemudian Allah memasukkan rasa gentar dan takut di hati mereka, sehingga mereka memohon izin kepada Rasulullah untuk keluar dari Madinah dan mengampuni nyawa mereka. Mereka juga meminta izin untuk membawa harta seberat yang mampu dipikul unta-unta mereka kecuali persenjataan, dan Rasulullah pun mengizinkannya.<br />
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Peristiwa ini direkam oleh Al-Qur’an: “Dialah yag mengeluarkan orang-orang kafir di antara Ahli Kitab dari kampung-kampung mereka pada saat pengusiran kali yang pertama. Kamu tiada menyangka bahwa mereka akan keluar dan mereka pun yakin bahwa benteng-benteng mereka akan dapat mempertahankan mereka dari siksaan Allah, maka Allah mendatangkan kepada mereka hukuman dari arah yang mereka tidak sangka. Dan Allah menancapkan ketakutan di dalam hati mereka, dan memusnahkan rumah-rumah mereka dengan tangan mereka sendiri dan tangan orang-orang beriman. Maka ambillah kejadian itu untuk menjadi pelajaran wahai orang yang mempunyai pandangan”. (QS. al-Hasyr: 2).<br />
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Yahudi Bani Quraizhah melakukan pengkhianatan yang ketiga. Mereka membentuk pasukan Koalisi (al-Ahzab), antara pasukan musyrik dan pasukan Yahudi. Suku Quraisy dipimpin Abu Sufyan ibnu Harb, suku Gathafan di bawah pimpinan Uyainah ibnu Hushn, suku bani Murrah di bawah pimpinan Harits ibnu Auf dan suku-suku yang lain, sementara pasukan Yahudi bani Quraizhah akan menusuk dari belakang. Peperangan Al-Ahzab itu betul-betul menyesakkan dada kaum muslimin yang terkepung, apalagi tingkah golongan munafik yang membuat goyah pasukan Islam. Berkat kesabaran kaum muslimin, maka Allah SWT mengirim pasukan Malaikat dengan mendatangkan serangan berupa angin topan dan guntur yang memporak-porandakan pasukan koalisi. Mereka kocar-kacir, dan pulang ke tempat masing-masing dengan membawa kekalahan. Tinggallah Yahudi Bani Quraizhah, lalu Rasulullah saw mengumumkan kepada pasukan Islam: “Bagi mereka yang mau mendengar dan taat agar jangan shalat ashar kecuali di perkampungan Bani Quraizhah.” Kaum muslimin langsung bergerak menuju perkampungan Yahudi Bani Quraizah, dan mengepung mereka selama 25 malam. Orang-orang Yahudi tersebut benar-benar dicekam rasa ketakutan, lalu memohon kepada Rasulullah saw agar memberikan izin kepada mereka untuk keluar, sebagaimana yang beliau lakukan kepada Yahudi Bani Nadhir. Beliau menolak permohonan mereka, kecuali mereka keluar dan taat pada keputusan beliau. Kemudian Rasululah saw menyerahkan keputusan atas mereka kepada Sa’ad ibnu Mu’adz pemimpin suku Aus. Keputusan telah ditetapkan yaitu: laki-laki dewasa dieksekusi, harta dirampas, anak-anak dan wanita menjadi tawanan. Hukuman terhadap pengkhianatan Bani Quraizhah lebih berat dari pada Bani Qainuqa' dan Bani Nadzir, karena dampak dari pengkhianatan mereka hampir saja merontokkan moral kaum muslimin dan membahayakan nyawa mereka semua.<br />
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“Hai orang-orang yang beriman ingatlah akan nikmat Allah kepadamu, ketika datang kepadamu tentara-tentara, lalu Kami kirimkan kepada mereka angin topan dan tentara yang tidak dapat kamu melihatnya. Dan adalah Allah Maha Melihat akan apa yang kamu kerjakan. Yaitu ketika datang (musuh) dari atas dari bawahmu, dan ketika tidak tetap lagi penglihatanmu dan hatimu naik menyesak sampai ke tenggorokan, dan kamu menyangka terhadap Allah dengan bermacam-macam purbasangka disitulah diuji orang-orang mukmin, dan digoncangkan hatinya dengan goncangan yang sangat”. (QS. al-Ahzab: 9-11).<br />
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<strong>Kehancuran Yahudi</strong><br />
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Secara global Al-Qur’an mengabarkan kehancuran Yahudi, seperti firman-Nya: “Dan apabila datang saat hukuman bagi (kejahatan Israel) yang kedua, (Kami datangkan orang-orang Islam di bawah pimpinan Imam Mahdi) untuk menyuramkan muka-muka kamu dan mereka masuk ke dalam Masjid (Al-Aqsha), sebagaimana musuh-musuhmu memasukinya pada kali pertama, dan untuk membinasakan sehabis-habisnya apa yang mereka kuasai”. (QS. al-Isra’: 7)<br />
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Sejak 1948 Yahudi merampas tanah Palestina dan memblokade Gaza mulai 2006 sampai sekarang, sehingga sekitar 1,5 juta jiwa muslim terkurung rapat dari dunia luar. Berbagai upaya kemanusiaan untuk membantu mereka selalu digagalkan oleh Israel, termasuk misi kemanusiaan yang baru saja diserang pasukan komando Israel di perairan Gaza (Laut Mediterania). Tidak ada kekuatan di dunia ini yang mampu menghentikan kebiadaban Israel. Pengepungan dan pemenjaraan massal oleh penjajah Israel dengan pembangunan tembok pemisah dimulai 16 Juni 2002 di Tepi Barat dengan dalih pengamanan. Panjang tembok tersebut mencapai 721 km sepanjang Tepi Barat, tinggi 8 meter sehingga mengisolasi lahan pertanian milik penduduk Palestina yang ditanami berbagai buah, seperti anggur dan zaitun, maka perekonomian Palestina terpuruk. Pengepungan ini sudah dinubuwatkan oleh Rasulullah saw:<br />
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“Hampir tiba masanya tidak dibolehkan masuk (embargo) kepada penduduk Iraq meski hanya satu qafiz makanan dan satu dirham, Kami bertanya dari mana larangan itu? Beliau menjawab: Dari orang-orang asing yang melarangnya (AS). Kemudian berkata lagi: Hampir tiba masanya tidak diperbolehkan masuk (blokade) kepada penduduk Syam (Palestina) meski hanya satu dinar dan satu mud makanan. Kami bertanya: Dari mana larangan itu? Beliau menjawab: Dari orang-orang Romawi” (AS dan Israel). (HR. Muslim)<br />
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Siapa kekuatan yang mampu menghancurkan Israel? Rasulullah saw menjelaskan: “Akan muncul dari Khurasan (Afghanistan) bendera-bendera hitam, maka tidak ada seorang pun yang mampu mencegahnya, sehingga bendera-bendera itu ditancapkan di Eliya (al-Quds)“. (HR. Ahmad, Tirmidzi dan Nu’aim bin Hammad). Kehancuran Israel berarti kiamat telah dekat, sehingga banyak orang mempertahankan eksistensi Negara Israel tersebut, namun janji Allah dan Rasul-Nya pasti akan terlaksana.<br />
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“Tidak akan terjadi kiamat sehingga kaum muslimin memerangi bangsa Yahudi, sampai-sampai orang Yahudi berlindung di balik batu dan pohon, lalu batu dan pohon tadi akan berbicara; Wahai orang Islam, hai hamba Allah! di belakangku ada orang-orang Yahudi, kemarilah, bunuhlah dia, kecuali pohon Ghorqod, sebab ia itu sungguh pohonnya Yahudi”. [HR. Ahmad]<br />
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“Kalian akan memerangi orang-orang Yahudi sehingga seorang diantara mereka bersembunyi di balik batu. Maka batu itu berkata, “Wahai hamba Allah, inilah si Yahudi di belakangku, maka bunuhlah ia”. [HR. Al-Bukhoriy dalam Shohih-nya (2767), dan Muslim dalam Shahih-nya (2922)]. Al-Hafizh Ibnu Hajar berkata, “Dalam hadits ini terdapat tanda-tanda dekatnya hari kiamat, berupa berbicaranya benda-benda mati, pohon, dan batu. Lahiriahnya hadits ini (menunjukkan) bahwa benda-benda itu berbicara secara hakikat”.[Fathul Bari (6/610)]. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Wallahu a’lam.</span></span></em>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-71988950831754984142010-07-13T08:16:00.001+07:002010-07-13T08:16:39.609+07:00karakter dakwah kraton yogyakarta "peringatan isra' mi'raj"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165401198_1593161032_30997320_5656556_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165401198_1593161032_30997320_5656556_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165241194_1593161032_30997316_5792784_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165241194_1593161032_30997316_5792784_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165321196_1593161032_30997318_5951946_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165321196_1593161032_30997318_5951946_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165361197_1593161032_30997319_1030939_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165361197_1593161032_30997319_1030939_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165281195_1593161032_30997317_1201173_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs080.ash2/37334_1345165281195_1593161032_30997317_1201173_n.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs117.snc4/36190_1345168281270_1593161032_30997324_651438_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs117.snc4/36190_1345168281270_1593161032_30997324_651438_n.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs151.snc4/36889_1347587461748_1593161032_31003136_744696_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs151.snc4/36889_1347587461748_1593161032_31003136_744696_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs131.snc4/36889_1347587541750_1593161032_31003138_3897952_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs131.snc4/36889_1347587541750_1593161032_31003138_3897952_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-31061736610159582022010-07-12T07:08:00.001+07:002010-07-12T07:08:53.087+07:00TANTANGAN MUHAMMADIYAH<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TDpdAFI_GPI/AAAAAAAAATQ/2f6pTyZR_kM/s1600/logo_muhamadiyah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rWPm86GBFHc/TDpdAFI_GPI/AAAAAAAAATQ/2f6pTyZR_kM/s320/logo_muhamadiyah.jpg" /></a></div>Salah satu aspek yang tidak kalah pentingnya untuk dikaji menyangkut gerakan Muhammadiyah adalah persoalan konsistensi dalam gerakan Muhammadiyah, yang dalam konsep Islam disebut dengan lafazh istiqomah. Justru selama ini karena keistiqomahan itulah Muhammadiyah dapat diterima oleh banyak umat dan menjadi lestari dan survive dalam masa yang cukup panjang. Bahkan tidak hanya survive tetapi terus berkembang pesat dalam membangun umat dan membina bangsa. Dan ketika konsistensi atau keistiqomahan mulai luntur atau mengalami kegamangan dalam dasawarsa terakhir, kita dapati kegodal-gadulan (istilah Pak AR) Muhammadiyah ,keguncangan dan kegamangan ideologis, bahkan menyentuh sendi-sendi gerakan Muhammadiyah, Keistiqomahan Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan Tajdid fil Islam, mencakup beberapa hal, (1) gerakan pemurnian pemahaman, penghayatan dan pengamalan ajaran Islam, yang berdasar kepada al-Qur'an dan al-Sunnah serta pemahaman salaf al shalih, (2) modernisasi dan pembaharuan bidang manajemen dan gerakan keumatan dengan tetap berlandaskan orisinalitas ajaran Islam, mestinya tetap tegak dan tegar ditubuh Muhammadiyah, dengan dipelopori oleh elite kepemimpinannya. Bukan malah istiqomah dalam ketidakistiqomahannya.<br />
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Istiqomah dalam bidang diniyah ini meniscayakan Muhammadiyah untuk membentengi diri dari unsur-unsur yang mengotori pemahaman, pemikiran, penghayatan dan pengamalan agama, baik yang bernuansakan TBC (takhayyul, bid'ah, dan khurafat klasik), maupun TBC modern seperti paham Islam liberal sekular, yang mencoba mengadopsi berbagai metodologi, pemikiran yang datang dari luar Islam tanpa kritik, yang implikasi berikutnya berbentuk berbagai penyimpangan dan penyakit sosial; seperti korupsi, manipulasi, kolusi dan nepotisme, yang melanda negeri ini, termasuk dalam tubuh Muhammadiyah.<br />
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Sekiranya keistiqomahan ini tetap terjaga di Muhammadiyah, sudah semestinya tidak perlu gamang menghadapi kritik tentang kebekuan dan kajumudan pemikiran Muhammadiyah. Karena kritik itu banyak dilontarkan oleh kaum pragmatis liberal dan sekular, meskipun ada juga sedikit kritik yang positif dan konstruktif. Namun, kalau disimak lebih mendalam, sebenarnya terlalu banyak kritik vang justru ingin mengobrak abrik tatanan Muhammadiyah bahkan Islam, tanpa memperhatikan apakah hal itu termasuk bidang al-tsawabit (hal-hal baku dalam agama) atau bidang al-mutaghayyirat (hal-hal yang memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan).<br />
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Prinsip Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan pemurnian pemahaman, pemikiran, penghayatan dan pengamalan ajaran Islam merupakan prinsip yang baku yang harus dipegang teguh Muhammadiyah ingin diobrak-abrik, dengan pamahaman liberalisme sekular dengan menawarkan teori relativisme. Paham ini mengandaikan bahwa tidak mungkin seseorang mencapai kebenaran yang hakiki dalam beragama, dan dengan itu tidak mungkin pula seseorang dapat mencapai kepada orisinalitas dan otentitas ajaran Islam. Oleh karena itu, menurut paham ini, Muhammadiyah tidak perlu mempertahankan prinsip purifikasinya, melainkan harus menggantinya dengan paham pluralisme, multikulturalisme dan liberalisme sekular. Pengaruh paham pluralisme, multikulturalisme dan liberalisme-sekular yang sedikit demi sedikit menggusur komitmen pemurnian ajaran Islam ini telah membuat Muhammadiyah lengah, lalai dan pongah terhadap nilai-nilai aqidah, ibadah, muamalah dan akhlak Islam. Sebagai contoh konkret dari kelalaian itu adalah mudahnya Muhammadiyah mengundang foundation asing (non Islam) sebagai donotur untuk berbagai kegiatannya, bahkan dalam kegiatan yang sangat prinsip, seperti pendidikan (seperti civic education dengan the Asia foundation), pengembangan manhaj dakwah dan tarjih (kasus dakwah kultural dan beberapa halaqah tarjih dengan the ford foundation) dan kajian fiqh Islam (kasus fiqh perempuan dengan the asia foundation). LSM-LSM tersebut selama ini terbukti menyebarluaskan virus yang merusak aqidah Islam. Kita harus pegang teguh pernyataan Umar bin Khattab.”Min aina laka hadza?”. Dari mana uang atau harta yang kau dapatkan ini?.<br />
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Akhirnya hasil kajian-kajian tersebut mengarah kepada penggugatan dan penggusuran prinsip pemurnian dan kemurnian ajaran Islam, dengan diakomodasinya kembali paham TBC klasik dengan dalih perluasan mitra dakwah, ngombyongi masyarakat, pengembangan sikap empati terhadap kelompok lain, serta masuknya secara hegemonik paham pluralisme, multikulturalisme dan liberalisme-sekular. Tapi kita harus ingat bahwa KH. Ahmad Dahlan hadir untuk mengadakan purifikasi dalam berbagai aspek dan berusaha mengintervensi serta menghilangkan kultur beragama yang sesat, memberantas TBC dengan hikmah, mau’izah hasanah dan mujadalah, bukan dengan cara yang sinis dan mencaci maki.<br />
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Keagamaan atas kritik pemikiran Islam Muhammadiyah juga melanda cara pikir Majelis Tarjih terutama setelah ditambah dengan Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam. Yang terjadi tidak menyemangati pemikiran Islam dalam rangka memandu umat justru sebaliknva menimbulkan kontroversi, karena memisahkan antara pemikiran dengan penghayatan dan pengamalan, memisahkan antara wacana dan fatwa. Padahal semestinya, kesemuanya itu adalah satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan, dengan landasan sumber ajaran Islam yang otentik, dengan tetap memahami realitas umat untuk didekati dan dibawa menuju otentitas dan orisinalitas Islam ideal. Kontroversi itu muncul dari produk wacana pemikiran yang ditawarkan sepetrti Tafsir Tematik Hubungan Antar Agama, yang kental dengan paham pluralisme, juga lontaran personil pimpinan majelis Tarjih yang mengatakan jilbab tidak wajib dan aurat perlu didefinisi ulang, dan seterusnya. Kontroversi ini jelas, secara akademik tidak memiliki manfaat signifikan, dan dari sudut keagamaan justru mengarah kepada pendangkalan aqidah dan pengaburan syari'at. Dan kita harus ingat bahwa KH. Ahmad Dahlan dalam sejarah belum pernah berteman dengan pendeta dan pastor, kalau toh ada pertemuan adalah untuk berdebat bukan berkawan.<br />
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Berkali-kali, Muhammadiyah menegaskan dirinya sebagai organisasi dakwah, yang bergerak dalam bidang sosial pendidikan dan kesejahteraan sosial serta sebagai organisasi kemasyarakatan yang tidak berafiliasi kepada partai politik tertentu, tidak merupakan kendaraan untuk meraih kekuasaan, dan seterusnya. Namun, karena goyahnya keistiqomahan kepemimpinan Muhammadiyah, berulangkali juga, Muhammadiyah terjebak dalam arus politik kekuasaan, yang seringkali menanggalkan khittahnya sebagai gerakan dakwah Islam. Kalau Muhammadiyah konsisten dan istiqomah dengan Khittah dan Kepribadiannya, tidak akan tergiur untuk terseret dan menyeret diri dalam syahwat politik praktis dan politik kekuasaan. Gerakan politik Muhammadiyah adalah politik untuk dakwah, sehingga Muhammadiyah memang harus aktif dan proaktif memberikan kontribusi pemikiran strategis-islami bagi pengembangan dan pembangunan bangsa, tanpa harus terjebak pada politik kekuasaan. Namun, karena syahwat politik beberapa oknum dalam kepemimpinan elite Muhammadiyah, baik pusat daerah maupun cabang, akhirnya terjadi konflik internal Muhammadiyah, karena perbedaan aspirasi politik, dan parahnya adalah menjadikan Muhammadiyah sebagai kendaraan atau batu loncatan untuk meraih kedudukan politik sementara orang atau aktif di Muhammadiyah hanya sebagai sarana untuk mendapat dukungan politik tapi setelah jadi tidak mau tahu tentang Muhammadiyah. Yang lebih parah lagi adalah campur tangannya organisasi lain yang masuk ditubuh Muhammadiyah dengan cara memasukkan kader-kadernya atau merekrut kader dengan cara menyelenggarakan kajian-kajian dengan mengundang tokoh-tokoh atau pimpinan Muhammadiyah (yang memang tidak melek politik dan mudah dikibulin) dengan tujuan mencari dukungan bagi kepentingan politiknya, Muhammadiyah hanya digunakan sebagai lahan untuk meraih suara, yang ujung-ujungnya para banyak pimpinan dan aktifis itu kemudian tidak lagi istiqomah dalam bermuhammadiyah mereka lebih semangat menghadiri kajian-kajian itu tapi khianat terhadap Amanahnya sebagai pimpinan atau pengurus Muhammadiyah dengan menterlantarkan Organisasinya. Yang kemudian diperparah lagi dengan tidak PD – nya para aktifis dan Pengurus Muhammadiyah dengan Muhammadiyah akibat dari tidak mengenalnya mereka terhadap Organisasinya sehingga memandang organisasi lain lebih baik. Comeback-nya, beberapa aktivis politik (baca: partai politik) Muhammadiyah ke rumah besar Muhammadiyah perlu diwaspadai dan diuji apakah mereka benar-benar comeback jihad fi sabilillah, ataukah untuk meraih kedudukan politik yang lebih tinggi atau mencari dukungan politik, karena Muhammadiyah dipandang sebagai kekuatan sosial kemasyarakatan yang memiliki kekuatan politik yang signifikan.<br />
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Ala kulli haj, pemimpin Muhammadiyah harus Amanah dan istiqomah dalam dakwah, istiqomah menggarap pendidikan Islami, dan istiqomah membina umat dengan berbagai bentuk pengajian dan kajian Islam dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan serta Istiqomah dalam ber Muhammadiyah. Sebagai gerakan Dakwah Islam Yang memiliki komitmen untuk pemurnian dan menjaga kemurnian ajaran Islam, Muhammadiyah memahami bahwa kebudayaan adaIah pemikiran, karya dan penghayatan hidup yang merupakan refleksi umat Islam atas ajaran agamanya. yang bersumber pada otentisitas ajaran Islam. Dengan pandangan itu, Muhammadiyah memandang. bahwa adanya pluralitas budaya (multikulturalitas) adalah sesuatu kenyataan yang mesti diterima. Namun, tidak berimplikasi kepada paham pluralisme dan multikulturalisme, yang memandang semua agama dan semua budaya manusia adalah benar dan baik bagi umat manusia, sebagaimana statemen al-Qur'an memandang bahwa dalam pluralitas budaya atau multikulturalitas terdapat kategori budaya ma'rufat (segala budaya yang baik, yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam) dan budaya munkarat (segala sesuatu yang jelek, batil dan jahat bagi kehidupan manusia dan tidak sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Derasnya paham multikulturalisme dan pluralisme di dalam tubuh Muhammadiyah ditandai dengan kritik tajam yang dilontarkan oleh kalangan internal Muhammadiyah atas konsep pemurnian agama (purifikasi). Bahkan kritik itu telah berubah menjadi hujatan bahwa gerakan purifikasi dalam Muhammadiyah telah menggusur potensi kultur lokal, tanpa memahami persoalan dan konteks budaya lokal tersebut jika dikaitkan dengan aqidah, akhlak dan muamalah Islam. Akibat lanjut dari kegamangan atau kegodal-gadulan adalah kecenderungan warga dan pimpinan Muhammadiyah yang permisif terhadap berbagai budaya lokal dan global, tanpa memperdulikan aspek-aspek munkarat yang terjadi. Melihat kondisi terakhir Muhammadiyah yang gamang, godal-gadul dalam menghadapi perkembangan masyarakat, bahkan terkooptasi oleh hegemoniknya pemikiran Islam liberal-sekular yang sempat memporakporandakan bangunan organisasi dan gerakan dakwahnya, Muhammadiyah memerlukan kepemimpinan yang kompak (barakah jama'i) dan konsisten (istiqomah) terhadap nilai-nilai dasar Islam. Dengan jalan itulah, Muhammadiyah akan lebih memiliki daya tarik dalam membina umat dan memberi arah kepada setiap perubahan dan perkembangan masyarakat. Sementara dengan kegamangan seperti saat ini banyak warga Muhammadiyah eksoduse, dan lebih dari itu Muhammadiyah jadi bahan pergunjingan yang melelahkan. Akhirnya, semoga Muhammadiyah tetap Amanah dan istiqomah dalam gerakannya, kokohkan khittah pemurnian, dakwah dan tajdid, bersihkan TBC dan liberalisme-sekular. Innallaha ma'ana. Nasrun Minallah wa-fathun qariib.Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-36306978102136864262010-07-11T13:20:00.000+07:002010-07-11T13:20:04.798+07:00TAJDID, BUKAN TAGHRIB<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Std Black'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #797979; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><h1 class="title" style="font-size: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">TAJDID, BUKAN TAGHRIB</h1><div class="node" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 2em;"><span class="submitted" style="color: #999999; font-size: 0.8em;">17 Jun 2010</span><div class="taxonomy" style="color: #999999; font-size: 0.8em; padding-left: 1.5em;"><ul class="links inline" style="color: #999999; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="taxonomy_term_1 first" style="border-style: none; display: inline; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px 8px 0px 0px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/category/tajuk/ragam" rel="tag" style="color: #3399cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" title="Budaya & Agama & Sosial">Ragam</a></li>
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</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://arifrohmanhakim.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/tajdid-background.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://arifrohmanhakim.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/tajdid-background.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://arifrohmanhakim.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/tajdid-background.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div class="content" style="line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">"Sesungguhnya Allah mengutus untuk umat ini pada setiap penghujung seratustahun, orang yang memperbarui agamanya". Dalam riwayat yang lain disebutkan "seorangyang memperbarui perkara ajaran agamanya".<br />
Sunan Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Melahim, IV109</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Tajdid {pembaruan) menurut arti bahasanya, adalah memberikan gambaran terkumpulnya tiga arti yang saling berkaitan. Pertama, sesuatu yang diperbaharui itu telah ada permulaannya dan dikenal oleh orang banyak. Kedua, sesuatu itu telah berlalu beberapa waktu, kemudian usang dan rusak. Ketiga, sesuatu itu telah dikembalikan kepada keadaan semula sebelum usang dan rusak.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;"></div><a name='more'></a> </div></div></span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Secara umum, tajdid dalam Islam dimaknai sebagai upaya menghidupkan kembali apa yang telah dilupakan/diting-galkan dari ajaran-ajaran agama dan memba ngkitkannya kembali demi untuk mereformasi kehidupan kaum muslimin secara umum ke arah yang lebih baik. Dalam hal ini makna tajdid bukanlah mengubah yang lama dan menghilangkan-nya dari yang aslinya; kemudian menggantikannya dengan sesuatu yang baru. Ini bukan makna tajdid yang sesungguhnya. Sebagian ulama mendefinisikan tajdid sebagai "menghidupkan kembali apa yang telah hilang dan terhapus dalam menerapkan kandungan Alquran dan Sunnah dan perkara yang wajib dikerjakannya. (Lihat, Al-Manawi, al-Fayd al-Qadir, 110). Sedangkan makna "yujaddidu laha dinaha", artinya menjelaskan dan membedakan antara sunnah dan bidah, memperbanyak ilmu dan mendukung ulamanya; memberantas ahli bidah. Hal itu tidak akan tercapai kecuali bagi seorang yang alim dalam bidang ilmu agama.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Jadi, makna tajdid dalam Islam bukanberarti membuat Islam yang baru, tetapi mengembalikan Islam kepada masa Rasulullah dan Khulafaur Rasyidin; kepada sumber-sumbernya yang murni dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi zaman. Jelas, kata tajdid menunjukkan arti menghidupkan dan membangkitkan kembali sesuatu yang rusak dan usang. Bukan membuat-buat perkara baru yang tidak dikenal dalam Islam.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Tajdid versus bidah</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Di antara difinisi ulama salaf tentang tajdid adalah "membedakan antara sunnah dan bidah, memperbanyak ilmu agama, serta memberantas bidah dengan memberantas pelakunya." (Aunu al-Mabud ala Sunan Abi Dawud, (1969.), Juz 11, Syarh Abi Tayyib Muhammad Syams al-Haq Azim Abadi, h.391). Sedangkan bidah adalah segala sesuatu yang diada-adakan tanpa berdasarkan agama. Ada pun yang berdasarkan Syara, maka tidak termasuk bidah.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Tidak mudah untuk masuk kategori seorang mujaddid. Bukan asal bicara atau menulis, lalu dibilang mujaddid. Al-Hasan al-Almi, dalam Kitab Tajdid al-Fikr al-islami, menyebutkan tiga syarat Mujaddid (1) Harus alim dan pakar dalam bidangnya, (2) Mendukung dan komitmen terhadap sunnah dalam pemikiran dan perkataannya, artinya bukan ahli bidah, (3) Ilmunya mengungguli pakar yang lain pada zamannya.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Karena itu, dalam kriteria ini, seseorang tidak layak dikatakan sebagai mujaddid jika pemikiran dan perilakunya justru bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam. Di eramodern, misalnya, banyak muncul pemikir yang mencoba mencocok-cocokkan atau bahkan mengubah ajaran Islam, agar sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Barat. Salah satu tokoh terkenal, misalnya, Qasim Amin, yang gencar menyerukan modernisasi syariat Islam.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Qasim Amin, melalui bukunya, Tahrirul Marah, menginginkan wanita muslimah melepaskan diri dari tradisi-tradisi masal lalu, dan berpindah untuk mencontoh wanita Barat. Walaupun ia tidak menguasai ilmu agama dengan baik, tetapi ia rajin membicarakan masalah wanita, hijab, talak, poligami, pengajaran dan pekerjaan wanita. Untuk itu, ia menempuh jalan sederhana dan menggunakan dua prinsip yang diagungkan oleh kaum modernis.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Pertama, bahwa syariah Islam adalah masalah yang tidak tetap, tetapi selalu berubah sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi zaman. Kedua, tidak semua perkataan Nabi merupakan bagian dari agama. Maka harus dipisahkan antara ucapan yang biasa, nasehat-nasehat, moral dan filsafat-filsafat hidup yang tidak merupakan kuwajiban agama. Maka harus disingkirkan hal-hal yang tidak berhubungan dengan tasyri.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Berdasarkan dua prinsip tersebut ia menyerukan kepada wanita muslimah untuk menanggalkan hijab, sebab hijab bagi wanita dianggapnya sebagai sebab kemunduran bangsa Timur. Menanggalkan hijab, kata Amin, merupakan rahasia kemajuan Barat. Ia juga menganjurkan pergaulan laki-laki dan perempuan ala Barat.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Modernisasi semacam ini telah terlepas dari konteks tajdid dalam Islam dan hanya merupakan taghrib (westernisasi) semata, bahkan bisa dikatakan tahrif (penyelewengan) terhadap ajaran Islam itu sendiri. Apa yang dilakukan orang seperti Qasim Amin, bisa dikatakan sebagai upaya menghapus ajaran Islam dan menggantikannya dengan ajaran Barat yang sekuler. Padahal, kaum muslimah terbuktibisa maju dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, tanpa harus meninggalkan jilbab.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Pelopor modernisme lain adalah Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898 M). Senada dengan Qasim Amin, Akhmad Khan juga berusaha merelevansikan ajaran Islam dengan pengetahuan modern, dengan cara membuat penafsiran ulang atas berbagai ajaran agama.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Ahmad Khan menulis "Tafsir al-Quran" yang tidak menolak paham ad-dahriyun (paham keabadian alam). Jamaludin .al-Afghani mengkritiknya dengan menerbitkan buku yang berjudul al-Raddu ala al-Dahriyin. Menurut Abu al-Hasan al-Nadwi, seorang ulama besar India, pola pemikiran semacam ini hanya berpijak atas dasar taklid kepada peradaban Barat dan prinsip-prinsipnya yang materialistis, dan berusaha menafsirkan Alquran sesuai dengan peradaban Barat, serta menolak segala sesuatu yang tidak dapat dibuktikan oleh indra dan pengalaman impiris.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Sebenarnya mengadopsi sains dan teknologi dari manapun dibolehkan dalam Islam termasuk dari Barat. Sebab, dalam Islam tidak terdapat dikotomi antara ibnu umum dan ilmu agama. Tetapi, yang boleh diambil bukan filsafatnya yang materialistis dan pola pikir yang sekuler. Sebab, itu jelas-jelas bertentangan dengan akidah Islam.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Sedangkan usahanya dalam modernisasi kurikulum pendidikan yang memadukan antara ilmu umum dan agama di Alligarh Muslim University masih termasuk dalam konteks tajdid. Namun kurikulum disana belum menjamah masalah Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Jadi, umat Islam perlu berhati-hati dengan makna tajdid dalam Islam dan jangan dikelirukan dengan taghrib. Sebab, taghrib atau pemikiran dan sikap kebarat-baratan, hanyalah satu bentuk penyakit mental rendah diri, yang kemudian merusak Islam, demi pujian manusia-manusia yang menolak campur tangan Tuhan dalam kehidupan.</div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-57221022859659340102010-06-17T04:48:00.000+07:002010-06-17T04:48:32.302+07:00ISRAEL ????<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash1/hs502.ash1/29710_1200033821093_1835972723_401578_517892_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash1/hs502.ash1/29710_1200033821093_1835972723_401578_517892_n.jpg" width="191" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><br />
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</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><b>Israel</b>, officially the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>State of Israel</b>, is a country in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103733132998185" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Western Asia</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>located on the eastern shore of the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107609789261820" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean Sea</a>. It borders<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105604936139047" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lebanon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the north,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112708625409031" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Syria</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the northeast,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106185066079121" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107910882564092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">West Bank</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the east, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza Strip</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103984472971800" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Egypt</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111178255569318" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">predominantly Jewish state</a>, with a population of 7.5 million people, of whom 5.7 million are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109545209068178" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab citizens of Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>form the country's second-largest ethnic group, which includes<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108007655887415" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Muslim</a>s,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108085925880488" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Christian</a>s,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109670085719078" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Druze</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111964878819102" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Samaritan</a>s.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The modern State of Israel has its historical and religious roots in the Biblical<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106111546087608" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Land of Israel</a>, also known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109724052387787" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Zion</a>, a concept central to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107953175893767" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Judaism</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>since ancient times. Political<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103096643064483" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Zionism</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>took shape in the late-19th century and the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108008025894853" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Balfour Declaration of 1917</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>formalized British policy preferring the establishment of a Jewish state. Following World War I, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107636475932256" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">League of Nations</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>granted Great Britain the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111927495493511" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mandate for Palestine</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the responsibility for establishing "the Jewish national home" within it.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"></div><a name='more'></a> </span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In November 1947, the United Nations voted in favor of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">partition of Palestine</a>, proposing the creation of a Jewish state, an Arab state, and a UN-administered Jerusalem. Partition was accepted by Zionist leaders but rejected by Arab leaders, leading to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">civil war</a>. Israel<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">declared independence</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on 14 May 1948 and neighboring Arab states<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107084832660546" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">attacked</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the next day. Since then, Israel has fought<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109252002427407" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">a series of wars</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with neighboring Arab states, and in consequence<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111627032195913" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">occupies territories</a>, including the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beyond those delineated in the<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>. Israel has signed peace treaties with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Egypt_Peace_Treaty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Egypt</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan</a>, but efforts to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107017192669399" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">resolve conflict with the Palestinians</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have so far only met with limited success and some of Israel's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borders_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">international borders</a>remain in dispute.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107530249270095" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">developed country</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108031462550377" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">representative democracy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105619896137699" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">parliamentary system</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103768062995075" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">universal suffrage</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106797152691886" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Prime Minister</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>serves as head of government and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112731515408406" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Knesset</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>serves as Israel's legislative body. The economy, based on the nominal<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111600848856361" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">gross domestic product</a>, was the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">41st-largest</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the world in 2008. Israel ranks highest among Middle Eastern countries on the UN<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108073452547813" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Human Development Index</a>, and has one of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">highest life expectancies</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the world.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108300522531552" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the country's capital, although it is not recognized internationally as such, while Israel's main financial center is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105603269474549" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv</a>. In 2010, Israel was accepted as member to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107747192581978" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">OECD</a>.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Etymology</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Over the past three thousand years, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_%28name%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">name "Israel"</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(meaning "Struggled with God") has meant, in common and religious usage, both the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106111546087608" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Land of Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the entire Jewish nation. According to the Bible,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112758428736758" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jacob</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is renamed Israel after successfully wrestling with an angel of God.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The earliest archaeological artifact to mention "Israel" is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Merneptah Stele</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105613102805639" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ancient Egypt</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(dated to the late 13th century BCE), which refers to a people of that name located in the area of the modern day State of Israel. The modern country was named<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Medinat Yisrael</i>, or the State of Israel, after other proposed names, including<i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Eretz Israel</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>("the Land of Israel"), Zion, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105557686145576" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Judea</a>, were rejected. In the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term "Israeli" to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104130436289427" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Moshe Sharett</a>.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">History</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106111546087608" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Land of Israel</a>, known in Hebrew as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Eretz Yisrael</i>, has been sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112265195456099" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Torah</a>, God promised the Land of Israel to the three<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchs_%28Bible%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Patriarchs</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the Jewish people; scholars have placed this period in the early 2nd millennium BCE. Based on the Bible, around the 11th century BCE, the first of a series of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103814599657134" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israelite kingdoms and states</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_%28united_monarchy%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Kingdom of Israel</a>, established rule over the region. Other Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently for the following one thousand years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Between the time of the Israelite kingdoms and the 7th-century<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106589362714825" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Muslim conquests</a>, the Land of Israel fell under<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106361252728342" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Assyria</a>n,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109356199091157" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Babylonia</a>n,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106614632711508" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Persian</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107646195925109" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Greek</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112994705379073" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Roman</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104081336296486" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sassanian</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107925782568787" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Byzantine</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rule. Jewish presence in the region dwindled after the failure of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bar Kokhba revolt</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>against the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112994705379073" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Roman Empire</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in 132 CE. Nevertheless, a continuous Jewish presence in the Land of Israel remained, with the Jewish religious center moving to the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107572419272466" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Galilee</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112383932110263" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mishnah</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and part of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112844648734280" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Talmud</a>, central Jewish texts, were composed during the 2nd to 4th centuries CE in Tiberias and Jerusalem. Following years of persecution at the hands of Byzantine rulers, the Jews revolted in 610 CE, allying themselves with the Persian invaders; capturing Jerusalem, the Persians and Jews killed many thousands of Christians and destroyed many churches. recapturing Jerusalem in 628/9 CE, Byzantine Emperor<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112883022059776" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Heraclius</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>conducted a massacre and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_against_Heraclius" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">expulsion of the Jews</a>. The Land of Israel was then<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Syria" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">captured</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107925782568787" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Byzantine Empire</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>around 635 CE during the initial<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106589362714825" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Muslim conquests</a>. Control of the region transferred between the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112458438772586" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Umayyad</a>s,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110511778978691" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Abbasids</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107658055924092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Crusaders</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>over the next six centuries, before falling in the hands of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105665679465926" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mamluk</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sultanate, in 1260. In 1516, the Land of Israel was conquered by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107499692613388" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ottoman Empire</a>, which ruled the region until the 20th century.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Zionism and the British Mandate</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Jews living in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109510282407862" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Diaspora</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have long aspired to return to Zion and the Land of Israel, though the amount of human effort that should be spent towards such aim is a matter of dispute in Judaism. That hope and yearning was articulated in the Bible, and is an important theme of the Jewish belief system. After the Jews were<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">expelled from Spain</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in 1492, some communities settled in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104054156296719" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestine</a>. During the 16th century, communities struck roots in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109140575772089" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Four Holy Cities</a>—<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108300522531552" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108128099215108" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tiberias</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108364535857852" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebron</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108153992539140" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Safed</a>—and in 1697, Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of 1,500 Jews to Jerusalem. In the second half of the 18th century, Eastern European<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misnagdim" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">opponents</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108165245878527" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hasidism</a>, known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perushim" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Perushim</a>, settled in Palestine.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The first large wave of "modern" immigration, known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Aliyah" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">First Aliyah</a>, began in 1881, as Jews fled<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom%23Pogroms_against_Jews" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">pogroms</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in Eastern Europe. Although the Zionist movement already existed in theory,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108106895876188" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Austro-Hungarian</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>journalist<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112799072066325" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Theodor Herzl</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is credited with founding political<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103096643064483" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Zionism</a>, a movement which sought to establish a Jewish state in the Land of Israel, by elevating the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Question" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish Question</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the international plane. In 1896, Herzl published<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113089358705559" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Der Judenstaat</a></i>(<i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">The State of the Jews</i>), offering his vision of a future state; the following year he presided over the first<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Zionist_Congress" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">World Zionist Congress</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Aliyah" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Second Aliyah</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(1904–1914), began after the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishinev_pogrom" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Kishinev pogrom</a>; some 40,000 Jews settled in Palestine, but nearly half of them left. Both the first and second waves of migrants were mainly<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104096472959427" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Orthodox Jews</a>, but those in the Second Aliyah included<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107825509246892" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">socialist</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>pioneers who established the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109740982385839" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">kibbutz</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>movement. During World War I, British Foreign Secretary<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106195416079428" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arthur Balfour</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>issued what became known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108008025894853" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Balfour Declaration</a>, which "view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people". At the request of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107782109245111" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Edwin Samuel Montagu</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108720202493654" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lord Curzon</a>, a line was also inserted stating "it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country".</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111722468852747" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish Legion</a>, a group of battalions composed primarily of Zionist volunteers, assisted in the British conquest of Palestine. Arab opposition to the plan led to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Palestine_riots" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1920 Palestine riots</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the formation of the Jewish organization known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105631126137604" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haganah</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(meaning "The Defense" in Hebrew), from which the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112765855401629" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Irgun</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107142365990191" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lehi</a>paramilitary groups split off. In 1922, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107636475932256" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">League of Nations</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>granted the United Kingdom a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104122972957338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">mandate over Palestine</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>under terms similar to the Balfour Declaration. The population of the area at that time was predominantly Arab and Muslim, with Jews accounting for about 11% of the population.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Aliyah" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Third</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(1919–1923) and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Aliyah" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Fourth</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Aliyahs (1924–1929) brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine. Finally, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">rise of Nazism</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the 1930s led to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah%23Fifth_Aliyah_%281929%E2%80%931939%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Fifth Aliyah</a>, with an influx of a quarter of a million Jews. This caused the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab revolt of 1936–1939</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and led the British to cap immigration with the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">White Paper of 1939</a>. With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103111599728921" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">the Holocaust</a>, a clandestine movement known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah_Bet" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Aliyah Bet</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was organized to bring Jews to Palestine. By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Independence and first years</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">After 1945,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%E2%80%93Zionist_conflict" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Britain</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>found itself in fierce conflict with the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yishuv" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish community</a>, as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105631126137604" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haganah</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>joined<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112765855401629" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Irgun</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107142365990191" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lehi</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, thousands of Jewish refugees from Europe sought shelter in Palestine and were turned away or rounded up and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlit_detainee_camp" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">placed in detention camps</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by the British. In 1947, the British government withdrew from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104122972957338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mandate of Palestine</a>, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews. The newly created United Nations approved the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Partition Plan for Palestine</a>(United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181) on November 29, 1947, which sought to divide the country into two states—one Arab and one Jewish. Jerusalem was to be designated an international city—a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107915925907666" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">corpus separatum</a></i>—administered by the UN.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yishuv" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish community</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>accepted the plan, but the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109243792435059" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab League</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab Higher Committee</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rejected it. On December 1, 1947, the Arab Higher Committee proclaimed a three-day strike, and Arab bands began attacking Jewish targets. Jews were initially on the defensive as civil war broke out, but they gradually moved onto the offensive. The Palestinian Arab economy collapsed and 250,000 Palestinian-Arabs fled or were expelled.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">On May 14, 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111309292222855" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish Agency</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>proclaimed independence, naming the country Israel. The following day, the armies of five Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq—attacked Israel, launching the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107084832660546" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>; Saudi Arabia sent a military contingent to operate under Egyptian command; Yemen declared war but did not take military action. After a year of fighting, a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ceasefire was declared</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and temporary borders, known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_%28Israel%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Green Line</a>, were established.<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_West_Bank_and_East_Jerusalem_by_Jordan" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan annexed</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>what became known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107910882564092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">West Bank</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Egypt took control</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza Strip</a>. Meanwhile, Israel was accepted as a member of the United Nations by majority vote on May 11, 1949.<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimates_of_the_Palestinian_Refugee_flight_of_1948" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">According to UN estimates</a>, 711,000 Arabs, or about 80% of the initial Arab population of the area that became Israel,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107777732578960" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">were expelled or fled the country</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>during the conflict. The fate of these<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111216902240276" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian refugee</a>s remains a major point of contention in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109568709061081" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In the early years of the state, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107825509246892" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Labor Zionist</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>movement led by Prime Minister<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109270685758494" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">David Ben-Gurion</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>dominated Israeli politics. These years were marked by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah%23Early_statehood_%281948%E2%80%931950%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">an influx</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Holocaust survivors</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_lands" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jews from Arab lands</a>, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Most arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27abarot" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ma'abarot</a></i>; by 1952, over 200,000 immigrants were living in these tent cities. The need to solve the crisis led Ben-Gurion to sign a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparations_Agreement_between_Israel_and_West_Germany" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">reparations agreement with West Germany</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that triggered mass protests by Jews angered at the idea of Israel accepting financial compensation from Germany for the Holocaust.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In the 1950s, Israel was frequently attacked by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian fedayeen</a>, mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip. In 1956, Israel joined<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_of_S%C3%A8vres" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">a secret alliance</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with Great Britain and France aimed at regaining control of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109470079079589" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Suez Canal</a>, which the Egyptians had nationalized (see the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112705535406241" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Suez Crisis</a>). Israel captured the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103760886328968" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sinai Peninsula</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>but was pressured to withdraw by the United States and the Soviet Union in return for guarantees of Israeli shipping rights in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104098302959292" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Red Sea</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the Canal.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In the early 1960s, Israel captured Nazi war criminal<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112361372109135" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Adolf Eichmann</a>, an architect of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112464938766349" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Final Solution</a>, in Argentina and brought him to trial. The trial had a major impact on public awareness of the Holocaust, and Eichmann remains the only person ever to be executed by order of an Israeli court.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Conflicts and peace treaties</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109361825756073" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab nationalists</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>led by Egyptian President<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113569795323166" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>refused to recognize Israel or its right to exist, calling for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between official Israeli and Arab forces. In 1967, Egypt expelled<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Emergency_Force" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">UN peacekeepers</a>, stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1957, and announced a partial blockade of Israel's access to the Red Sea. Israel saw these actions as a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107620389261508" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">casus belli</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103813182990311" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">pre-emptive strike</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that launched the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107904289238097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Six-Day War</a>, in which Israel achieved a decisive victory and captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103760886328968" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sinai Peninsula</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107751755914405" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan Heights</a>. Jerusalem's boundaries were enlarged, incorporating<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>, and the 1949<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_%28Israel%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Green Line</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>became the administrative boundary between Israel and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111627032195913" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">occupied territories</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The failure of the Arab states in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107904289238097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1967 war</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>led Arab non-state actors to have a more central role in the conflict. Most important among them is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115392018476131" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian Liberation Organization</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(PLO), established in 1964, which initially committed itself to "armed struggle as the only way to liberate the homeland". In the late 1960s and early 1970s,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian groups</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>launched a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111260292235913" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">wave of attacks</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>against Israeli targets around the world, including<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/116564808353637" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">a massacre of Israeli athletes</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>at the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107060802663287" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1972 Summer Olympics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103796796325832" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Munich</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">On October 6, 1973, as Jews were observing<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104055962963645" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yom Kippur</a>, the Egyptian and Syrian armies<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113100262037763" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">launched a surprise attack</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>against Israel. The war ended on October 26 with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but suffering great losses. An<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agranat_Commission" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">internal inquiry</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>exonerated the government of responsibility for failures before and during the war, but public anger forced Prime Minister<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109321499094831" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golda Meir</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to resign.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_legislative_election%2C_1977" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1977 Knesset elections</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>marked a major turning point in Israeli political history as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108282605862717" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Menachem Begin</a>'s<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103130843060482" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Likud</a>party took control from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107852822582724" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Labor Party</a>. Later that year, Egyptian President<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107687105927910" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Anwar El Sadat</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>made a trip to Israel and spoke before the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112731515408406" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Knesset</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in what was the first recognition of Israel by an Arab head of state. In the two years that followed, Sadat and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108282605862717" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Menachem Begin</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>signed the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Camp David Accords</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Egypt_Peace_Treaty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty</a>. Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula and agreed to enter negotiations over an autonomy for Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Begin's government encouraged Israelis to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112653975420128" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">settle</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the West Bank, leading to friction with the Palestinians in that area.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem Law</a>, passed in 1980, reaffirmed Israel's annexation of Jerusalem and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_478" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">reignited international controversy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>over the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">status of the city</a>. The position of the majority of UN member states is reflected in numerous resolutions declaring that actions taken by Israel to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the whole of Jerusalem are illegal and have no validity.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In 1982, Israel intervened in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109318612421269" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lebanese Civil War</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to destroy the bases from which the PLO launched attacks and missiles at northern Israel; that move developed into the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">First Lebanon War</a>. Israel withdrew from most of Lebanon in 1986, but maintained a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Security_Zone" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">borderland buffer zone</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>until 2000. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">First Intifada</a>, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, broke out in 1987 with waves of violence occurring in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111627032195913" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">occupied territories</a>. Over the following six years, more than a thousand people were killed in the ensuing violence, much of which was internal Palestinian violence. During the 1991<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112869908725228" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gulf War</a>, the PLO and many Palestinians supported<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105613162807034" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Saddam Hussein</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and Iraqi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War%23Iraq_launches_missile_strikes" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">missile attacks against Israel</a>, though Israel did not participate in that war.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In 1992,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108577652500814" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yitzhak Rabin</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>became Prime Minister following<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_legislative_election%2C_1992" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">an election</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in which his party promoted compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112406672105774" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shimon Peres</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108119739208949" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mahmoud Abbas</a>, on behalf of Israel and the PLO, signed the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Oslo Accords</a>, which gave the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108164642541646" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian National Authority</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the right to self-govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The PLO also<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">recognized Israel's right to exist</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and pledged an end to terrorism. In 1994, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/116058348405094" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">settlements</a>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_checkpoint" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">checkpoints</a>, and the deterioration of economic conditions. Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hamas_suicide_attacks" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian suicide attacks</a>. Finally, while leaving a peace rally in November 1995,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112210918794739" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, withdrew from<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108364535857852" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebron</a>, and signed the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Wye River Memorandum</a>, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112226292127148" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ehud Barak</a>,<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_prime_ministerial_election%2C_1999" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">elected Prime Minister in 1999</a>, began the new millennium by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%E2%80%932000_South_Lebanon_conflict%232000%3A_Israeli_withdrawal" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113108042037057" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yasser Arafat</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">2000 Camp David Summit</a>. During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110670685626920" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian state</a>, but Yasser Arafat rejected it. After the collapse of the talks and a controversial visit by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103130843060482" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Likud</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>leader<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104097706292013" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ariel Sharon</a>to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107501162612517" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Temple Mount</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Second Intifada</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>began. Sharon became prime minister in a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_prime_ministerial_election%2C_2001" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">2001 special election</a>. During his tenure, Sharon carried out his plan to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">unilaterally withdraw</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>from the Gaza Strip and also spearheaded the construction of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In July 2006, a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113373928673358" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hezbollah</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>artillery assault on Israel's northern border communities and a cross-border abduction of two Israeli soldiers sparked the month-long<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lebanon_War" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Second Lebanon War</a>. Two years later, in May 2008, Israel confirmed it had been discussing a peace treaty with Syria for a year, with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112441795436856" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Turkey</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>as a go-between. However, at the end of the year, Israel entered another conflict as a ceasefire between<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113061158708637" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hamas</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and Israel collapsed. The<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza War</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>lasted three weeks and ended after Israel announced a unilateral ceasefire. Hamas announced its own ceasefire, with its own conditions of complete withdrawal and opening of border crossings. Despite neither the rocket launchings nor Israeli retaliatory strikes having completely stopped, the fragile ceasefire remained in order.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Geography and climate</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is located at the eastern end of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107609789261820" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean Sea</a>, bounded by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105604936139047" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lebanon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the north,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112708625409031" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Syria</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the northeast,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106185066079121" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the east, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103984472971800" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Egypt</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the southwest. The sovereign territory of Israel, excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107904289238097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Six-Day War</a>, is approximately 20,770 square kilometers (8,019 sq mi) in area, of which two percent is water. The total area under Israeli law, including<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107751755914405" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan Heights</a>, is 22,072 square kilometers (8,522 sq mi), and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108164642541646" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian-governed</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>territory of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107910882564092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">West Bank</a>, is 27,799 square kilometers (10,733 sq mi). Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105548569480059" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Negev</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>desert in the south to the mountain ranges of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107572419272466" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Galilee</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104067962962081" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Carmel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107751755914405" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the north. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Coastal_Plain" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Coastal Plain</a>on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to seventy percent of the nation's population. East of the central highlands lies the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Rift_Valley" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan Rift Valley</a>, which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,039 mi)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109831699042686" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Great Rift Valley</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112667122081107" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jordan River</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103126023061494" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mount Hermon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>through the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109299175767407" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hulah Valley</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103091856397953" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sea of Galilee</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112445292100300" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Dead Sea</a>, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth. Further south is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabah" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arabah</a>, ending with the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107109385993401" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gulf of Eilat</a>, part of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104098302959292" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Red Sea</a>. Unique to Israel and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103760886328968" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sinai Peninsula</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhtesh" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">makhtesh</a>im, or erosion cirques. The largest makhtesh in the world is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon_Crater" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ramon Crater</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the Negev, which measures 40 by 8 kilometers (25 by 5 mi). A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin. Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. The more mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy;<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108300522531552" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>usually receives at least one snowfall each year. Meanwhile, coastal cities, such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105603269474549" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107745885914810" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa</a>, have a typical<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104057449629557" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean climate</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The highest temperature in the continent of Asia (53.7 °C/128.7 °F) was recorded in 1942 at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109340299084975" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tirat Zvi</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley. From May to September, rain in Israel is rare. With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103114466395652" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">drip irrigation</a>. Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104109749626754" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">solar energy</a>, making<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel the leading nation in solar energy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>use per capita.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Government and politics</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel operates under a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105619896137699" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">parliamentary system</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>as a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107576895938927" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">democratic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108251979202099" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">republic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103768062995075" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">universal suffrage</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110795302276644" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">President of Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111866962165689" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">head of state</a>, but his duties are limited and largely ceremonial. A<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107697749259808" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Parliament Member</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>supported by a majority in parliament becomes the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106797152691886" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Prime Minister</a>, usually the chairman of the largest party. The Prime Minister is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108619005838708" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">head of government</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and head of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Cabinet</a>. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112731515408406" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Knesset</a>. Membership of the Knesset is based on<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105722126128872" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">proportional representation</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">political parties</a>, with a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel%23Electoral_system" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">2% electoral threshold</a>, which commonly results in coalition governments.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable coalitions or a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112321308787404" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">no-confidence vote</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by the Knesset often dissolves governments earlier. "The average life span of an Israeli government is 22 months. The peace process, the role of religion in the state, and political scandals have caused coalitions to break apart or produced early elections." The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Basic Laws of Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>function as an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unwritten_constitution" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">unwritten constitution</a>. In 2003, the Knesset began to draft an official constitution based on these laws. Israel has a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_judicial_system" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">three-tier court system</a>. At the lowest level are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109390899078940" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">magistrate</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103130166394141" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">district court</a>s, serving both as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106070989423946" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">appellate</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>courts and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111517255536700" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">courts of first instance</a>; they are situated in five of Israel's six<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108337179190173" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">districts</a>. The third and highest tier in Israel is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Supreme Court</a>, seated in Jerusalem. It serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel%23High_Court_of_Justice" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">High Court of Justice</a>. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106219979409522" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">International Criminal Court</a>, it has not ratified the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106657409374319" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Rome Statute</a>, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel's legal system combines<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111954022149474" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">English</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111787342171792" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">common law</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112758418743795" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">civil law</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108014685887460" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish law</a>. It is based on the principle of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112847068728544" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">stare decisis</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(precedent) and is an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108157539204307" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">adversarial system</a>, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108201415874039" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Marriage</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103759402996338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">divorce</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are under the jurisdiction of the religious courts:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107953485892532" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107825595907538" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Muslim</a>, Druze, and Christian. A committee of Knesset members, Supreme Court justices, and Israeli Bar members carries out the election of judges. Israel's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Law%3A_Human_Dignity_and_Liberty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>seeks to defend<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">human rights and liberties in Israel</a>. Israel is the only country in the region ranked "Free" by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103727022999379" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Freedom House</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>based on the level of civil liberties and political rights; the "Israeli Occupied Territories/Palestinian Authority" was ranked "Not Free." However, in 2009<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112546952094067" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Reporters Without Borders</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rated Israel 93 out of 175 countries in terms of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108303635868097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">freedom of the press</a>, lagging behind countries such as Kuwait (60th), Lebanon (61st) and United Arab Emirates (86th). Groups such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107376439296877" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Amnesty International</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105645909468167" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Human Rights Watch</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have often disapproved of Israel's human rights record in regards to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109252002427407" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>. Israel's civil liberties also allow for self-criticism, from groups such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105975002767957" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">B'Tselem</a>, an Israeli human rights organization.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Administrative districts</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">mehozot</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(מחוזות; singular:<i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">mahoz</i>) –<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108419982519810" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Center</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107370122625424" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103788316327214" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112112042138051" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">North</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107814672575099" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Southern</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107476379281716" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Districts. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">nafot</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(נפות; singular:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">nafa</i>), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">For statistical purposes, the country is divided into three metropolitan areas:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv_metropolitan_area" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv metropolitan area</a>(population 3,206,400),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_metropolitan_area" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa metropolitan area</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(population 1,021,000), and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beersheba_metropolitan_area" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Beer Sheva metropolitan area</a>(population 559,700). Israel's largest municipality, both in population and area, is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108300522531552" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with 773,800 residents in an area of 126 square kilometers (49 sq mi) (in 2009). Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>, which is widely recognized as part of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109746759052253" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian territories</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>under<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111627032195913" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli occupation</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105603269474549" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107745885914810" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109394745753748" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Rishon LeZion</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rank as Israel's next most populous cities, with populations of 393,900, 265,600, and 227,600 respectively.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Occupied territories</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In 1967, as a result of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107904289238097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Six-Day War</a>, Israel gained control of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107910882564092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">West Bank</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza strip</a>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107751755914405" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan Heights</a>. Israel also took control of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103760886328968" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sinai Peninsula</a>, but returned it to Egypt as part of the 1979<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Egypt_Peace_Treaty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Following Israel's capture of these territories,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/116058348405094" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">settlements</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>consisting of Israeli citizens were established within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan Heights</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>, incorporating them into its territory and offering their inhabitants permanent residency status and the possibility to become full citizen if they asked it. In contrast, the West Bank has remained under military occupation, and it and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza Strip</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are seen by the Palestinians and most of the international community as the site of a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Palestinian_state" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">future Palestinian state</a>. The UN Security Council has declared the incorporation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The status of East Jerusalem in any future peace settlement has at times been a difficult hurdle in negotiations between Israeli governments and representatives of the Palestinians. Most negotiations relating to the territories have been on the basis of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a>, which emphasises " the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in return for normalization of relations with Arab states, a principle known as "<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_for_peace" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Land for peace</a>".</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1948, following the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine. Only Britain recognized this annexation and Jordan has since<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Jordan_peace_treaty%23cite_note-0" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ceded</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>its claim to the territory to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112098542139747" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">PLO</a>. The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967. The population are mainly<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112449075436906" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104052342963257" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinians</a>, including<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111216902240276" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">refugees</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107084832660546" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1948 Arab-Israeli War</a>. From their occupation in 1967 until 1993, the Palestinians living in these territories were under<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli military administration</a>. Since the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel-PLO letters of recognition</a>, most of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian population</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">cities</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have been under the internal jurisdiction of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108164642541646" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestinian Authority</a>, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has on several occasions redeployed its<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107959085893478" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">troops</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and reinstated full military administration during periods of unrest. In response to increasing attacks as part of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Second Intifada</a>, the Israeli government started to construct the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>, which is partially built within the West Bank.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza strip</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was occupied by Egypt from 1948 to 1967 and then by Israel from 1967 to 2005. In 2005, as part of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel's unilateral disengagement plan</a>, Israel removed all of its residents and forces from the territory. However, Israel still controls Gaza's airspace and sea access and has on occasion sent troops into the area. Gaza has a border with Egypt and an agreement between Israel, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112202202125415" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">EU</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108164642541646" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">PA</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and Egypt governed how border crossing would take place (it was monitored by European observers), However the election of a Hamas government has led to problems in implementing it resulting in the border crossing being closed much of the time. Internal control of Gaza is in the hands of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">the Hamas government</a>.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Foreign relations</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel maintains diplomatic relations with 161 countries and has 94<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109439962408256" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">diplomatic mission</a>s around the world. Only three members of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109243792435059" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab League</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have normalized relations with Israel; Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Egypt_Peace_Treaty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1979</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1994</a>, respectively, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103807556324351" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mauritania</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>opted for full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999. Two other members of the Arab League,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103121099727545" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Morocco</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113411465339857" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tunisia</a>, which had some diplomatic relations with Israel, severed them at the start of the Second Intifada in 2000. Since 2003, ties with Morocco have been improved, and Israel's foreign minister has visited the country.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">As a result of the 2009<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza War</a>, Mauritania,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112408228771113" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Qatar</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103741479664252" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bolivia</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109544502404673" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Venezuela</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>suspended political and economical ties with Israel. Under Israeli law,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105604936139047" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Lebanon</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112708625409031" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Syria</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113501108659997" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Saudi Arabia</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103415006357417" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Iraq</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105726662794640" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yemen</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are enemy countries and Israeli citizens may not visit them without permission from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_%28Israel%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ministry of the Interior</a>. Since 1995, Israel has been a member of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Dialogue" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean Dialogue</a>, which fosters cooperation between seven countries in the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104025042967718" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean Basin</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the members of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112929972051497" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Foreign relations with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115187955161194" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">United States</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey-Israel_relations" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Turkey</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Israel_relations" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Germany</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112483542097587" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">United Kingdom</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-Israel_relations" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">India</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are among Israel's strongest. The United States was the first country to recognize the State of Israel, followed by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107493262613309" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Soviet Union</a>. The United States may regard Israel as its primary ally in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107980359223324" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Middle East</a>, based on "common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107017192669399" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">peace process</a>. U.S. and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109524955741121" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">India</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>established full diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992 and has fostered a strong military, technological and cultural partnership with the country since then. One study revealed that India was the most pro-Israel nation in the world. India is the largest customer of Israeli military equipment and Israel is the second-largest military partner of India after the Russian Federation. India is also the second-largest Asian economic partner of Israel and the two countries enjoy extensive<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109359205756570" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">space technology</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ties.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108100019211318" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Germany</a>'s strong ties with Israel include cooperation on scientific and educational endeavors and the two states remain strong economic and military partners. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112483542097587" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">UK</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has kept full diplomatic relations with Israel since its formation having had two visits from heads of state in 2007. Relations between the two countries were also made stronger by former prime minister<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105812886117843" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tony Blair</a>'s efforts for a two state resolution. The UK is seen as having a "natural" relationship with Israel on account of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104122972957338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">British Mandate of Palestine</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Israel_relations" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Iran</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>had diplomatic relations with Israel under the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108053945895050" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Pahlavi dynasty</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>but withdrew its recognition of Israel during the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109534062399858" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Iranian Revolution</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Although<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112441795436856" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Turkey</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab states to temper its relationship with Israel. Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn, however, after the former's condemnation of Israel after the 2009 Gaza War.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In Africa,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105508656150314" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ethiopia</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is Israel's main and closest ally in the continent due to common political, religious and security interests. Israel provides expertise to Ethiopia on irrigation projects and thousands of Ethiopian Jews (<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105542846145142" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Beta Israel</a>) live in Israel.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Defense</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107959085893478" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel Defense Forces</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>consists of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109551692397311" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Army</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111998862146444" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Air Force</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112682868746885" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Navy</a>. It was founded during the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107084832660546" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1948 Arab-Israeli War</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by consolidating<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104063242962763" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">paramilitary</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>organizations—chiefly the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105631126137604" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haganah</a>—that preceded the establishment of the state. The IDF also draws upon the resources of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_%28Israel%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Military Intelligence Directorate</a>(<i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Aman</i>), which works with the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108612182497342" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mossad</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Bet" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shabak</a>. The Israel Defense Forces have been involved in several major wars and border conflicts in its short history, making it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The majority of Israelis are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112138625469092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">drafted</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>into the military at the age of eighteen. Men serve three years and women serve two years. Following compulsory service, Israeli men join the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces%23Reserve_service" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">reserve forces</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and do several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab citizens of Israel</a>(except the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109670085719078" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Druze</a>) and those engaged in full-time religious studies are exempt from military service, although the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal_Law" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">exemption of yeshiva students</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has been a source of contention in Israeli society for many years. An alternative for those who receive exemptions on various grounds is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108681589156813" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sherut Leumi</a></i>, or national service, which involves a program of service in hospitals, schools and other social welfare frameworks. As a result of its conscription program, the IDF maintains approximately 168,000 active troops and an additional 408,000 reservists.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The nation's military relies heavily on<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_equipment_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">high-tech weapons systems</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The United States is a particularly notable foreign contributor; they are expected to provide the country with US$30 billion in military aid between 2008 and 2017. The Israeli- and U.S.-designed<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_%28missile%29" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arrow missile</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one of the world's only operational<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">anti-ballistic missile</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>systems. Since the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113100262037763" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yom Kippur War</a>, Israel has developed a network of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115636358451947" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">reconnaissance satellites</a>. The success of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112543638759617" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ofeq</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites. The country has also developed its own<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">main battle tank</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/116530041690722" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Merkava</a>. Since its establishment, Israel has spent a significant portion of its<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111600848856361" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">gross domestic product</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on defense. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. Today, that figure has dropped to 7.3%.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is widely believed to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">possess nuclear weapons</a>. Israel has not signed the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>and maintains a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106834166021322" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">policy of deliberate ambiguity</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>toward<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">its nuclear capabilities</a>. The United States shields Israel's nuclear weapons program from international scrutiny.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">After the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112869908725228" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gulf War</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1991</a>, when Israel was attacked by Iraqi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111260542231443" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Scud missile</a>s, a law was passed requiring all apartments and homes in Israel to have a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">mamad,</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a reinforced security room impermeable to chemical and biological substances.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Economy</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is considered one of the most advanced countries in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/118425981505532" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Southwest Asia</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in economic and industrial development. In 2010, it was accepted as member to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106277909410688" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">OECD</a>. The country is ranked 3rd in the region on the<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109509315741382" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">World Bank</a>'s<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ease_of_Doing_Business_Index" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ease of Doing Business Index</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>as well as in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112478125431857" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">World Economic Forum's</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111640115518905" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Global Competitiveness Report</a>. It has the second-largest number of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106283992735433" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">startup companies</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106217882741926" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">NASDAQ</a>-listed companies outside North America.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In 2009, Israel had the 49th-highest<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111600848856361" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">gross domestic product</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and 29nd-highest gross domestic product<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111968052154272" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">per capita</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111613135522420" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">purchasing power parity</a>) at $206.4 billion and $28,393, respectively. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/114943858519501" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">New Israeli Shekel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one of 17<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertibility" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">freely convertible currencies</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>according to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_linked_settlement" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">CLS</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>list.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">agricultural</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and industrial sectors over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains and beef. Other major imports to Israel, totaling $47.8 billion in 2006, include<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108065755887676" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">fossil fuel</a>s, raw materials, and military equipment. Leading exports include fruits, vegetables,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110771642284557" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">pharmaceuticals</a>, software, chemicals, military technology, and<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_industry_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">diamonds</a>; in 2006, Israeli exports reached $42.86 billion.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is a global leader in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111734455510733" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">water conservation</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107666345923259" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">geothermal energy</a>, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the life sciences have<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Wadi" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">evoked comparisons</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105631539469504" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110729878954806" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Intel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107785359249238" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Microsoft</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>built their first overseas<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107792005916611" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">research and development</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national corporations, such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107572525938726" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">IBM</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112463015433208" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Cisco Systems</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106051719426211" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Motorola</a>, have opened facilities in the country. In July 2007, U.S. billionaire<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105592802806886" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Warren Buffett</a>'s<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112244468787782" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Berkshire Hathaway</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>bought an Israeli company<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108402249191556" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Iscar</a>, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion. Since the 1970s, Israel has received economic and military aid from the United States, whose loans account for the bulk of Israel's external debt.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tourism</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tourism</a>, especially<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108090139219620" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">religious tourism</a>, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104053332963487" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">archaeological</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and historical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound. In 2008, over 3 million tourists visited Israel.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Transportation</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel has 18,096 kilometers (11,244 mi) of paved roads, and 2.4 million motor vehicles. The number of motor vehicles per 1,000 persons was 324, relatively low with respect to developed countries. Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104075469629155" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Egged</a>, serving most of the country. Railways stretch across 949 kilometers (590 mi) and are operated solely by government-owner<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104077849629098" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel Railways</a>(All figures are for 2008). Following major investments beginning in the early-to-mid 1990s, the number of train passengers per year has grown from 2.5 million in 1990, to 35 million in 2008; railways are also used to transport 6.8 million tons of cargo, per year.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel is served by two international airports,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ben Gurion International Airport</a>, the country's main hub for international air travel near<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110381315648978" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv-Yafo</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovda_Airport" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ovda Airport</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Airports served 11.1 million passengers (entries and departures) in 2008, 11 million passing through Ben Gurion airport.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">On the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106474452722499" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Mediterranean</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>coast,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Haifa" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa Port</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the country's oldest and largest port, while<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Ashdod" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ashdod Port</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one of the few deep water ports in the world built on the open sea. In addition to these, the smaller<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Eilat" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Port of Eilat</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is situated on the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104098302959292" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Red Sea</a>, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Science, technology and education</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel has the highest school life expectancy in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/118425981505532" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Southwest Asia</a>, and is tied with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105672799466531" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Japan</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for second-highest school life expectancy on the Asian continent (after South Korea). Israel similarly has the highest<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112557378760930" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">literacy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rate in Southwest Asia, according to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105991762765880" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">United Nations</a>. The State Education Law, passed in 1953, established five types of schools: state secular, state religious, ultra orthodox, communal settlement schools, and Arab schools. The public secular is the largest school group, and is attended by the majority of Jewish and non-Arab pupils in Israel. Most Arabs send their children to schools where Arabic is the language of instruction.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Education is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/110835858938966" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">compulsory</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in Israel for children between the ages of three and eighteen. Schooling is divided into three tiers –<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105607296140525" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">primary school</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(grades 1–6),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107859752569020" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">middle school</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(grades 7–9), and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107508392612672" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">high school</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(grades 10–12) – culminating with<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagrut" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bagrut</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>matriculation exams. Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104112892957168" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bible</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111953255487551" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew language</a>, Hebrew and general literature,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106059522759137" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">English</a>, history, and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate. In Arab, Christian and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109670085719078" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Druze</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>schools, the exam on Biblical studies is replaced by an exam in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109523995740640" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Islam</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109953085697936" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Christianity</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>or Druze heritage. In 2003, over half of all Israeli twelfth graders earned a matriculation certificate.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel's eight public universities are subsidized by the state. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, Israel's oldest university, houses the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_and_University_Library" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish National and University Library</a>, the world's largest repository of books on Jewish subjects. The Hebrew University is consistently ranked among world's 100 top universities by the prestigious<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ARWU</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>academic ranking. Other major universities in the country include the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108211745878920" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Technion</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109577655734958" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv University</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(TAU),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107986285896259" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bar-Ilan University</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103742592998434" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">University of Haifa</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112508188760881" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ben-Gurion University of the Negev</a>. Israel's seven research universities (excluding the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105616239471918" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Open University</a>) are consistently ranked among top 500 in the world. Israel ranks third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population). Israel has produced five<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109153322437000" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Nobel Prize</a>-winning scientists since 2002 and publishes among the most scientific papers per capita of any country in the world.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel leads world in stem cell research papers per capita since 2000 In addition, Israeli universities are among 100 top world universities in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103966102974293" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">mathematics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">TAU</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108211745878920" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Technion</a>),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109279729089828" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">physics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">TAU</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109577655734958" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113496838660747" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">chemistry</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">TAU</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108211745878920" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Technion</a>),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104076956295773" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">computer science</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">TAU</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109577655734958" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107986285896259" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">BIU</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108211745878920" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Technion</a>) and economics (<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">TAU</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University</a>).</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">In 2009 Israel was ranked 2nd among 20 top countries in space sciences by<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109459282413015" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Thomson Reuters</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>agency. Since 1988<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112387008773447" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel Aerospace Industries</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites. Most were launched to orbit from Israeli air force base "<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmachim_Airbase" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palmachim</a>" by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavit" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shavit</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>space launch vehicle. Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. In 2003,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Ramon" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ilan Ramon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>became Israel's first astronaut, serving as payload specialist of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-107" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">STS-107</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">fatal mission</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Space Shuttle<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Columbia</i></a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel has embraced<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104109749626754" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">solar energy</a>, its engineers are on the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. Over 90% of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli homes use solar energy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for hot water, the highest<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111968052154272" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">per capita</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the world. According to government figures, the country saves 8% of its electricity consumption per year because of its<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104109749626754" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">solar energy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>use in heating. The high annual incident<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112190855474005" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">solar irradiance</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>at its geographic<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103122623061261" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">latitude</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>creates ideal conditions for what is an internationally renowned<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">solar research and development industry</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106371772734340" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Negev Desert</a>.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Demographics</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">After reaching 7,406,900 inhabitants according to the first data released from its 2008 census, in 2010 Israel's population stands at about 7.5 million. Israel has two official languages,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111953255487551" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104078649628422" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arabic</a>. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority. As of 2008,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab citizens of Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>comprise just over 20% of the country's total population.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in this language and English is taught from the early grades in elementary school. As a country of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103771032994416" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">immigrants</a>, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah_from_Ethiopia" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ethiopia</a>(some 120,000<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105542846145142" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ethiopian Jews</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>live in Israel)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112624162082677" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Russian</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106102382754396" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Amharic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are widely spoken. Between 1990 and 1994, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah_from_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_in_the_1990s" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Russian immigration</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>increased Israel's population by twelve percent. Out of more than one million Russian-speaking immigrants in Israel, about 300,000 are considered gentile by the Orthodox rabbinate, because, under the Orthodox interpretation, only children to Jewish mothers are considered Jews. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106076642756874" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Romania</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109323655754033" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Thailand</a>, China, Africa and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 200,000. Over 16,000 African asylum seekers have entered Israel in recent years. The main language amongst deaf Israelis is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112063718806227" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Sign Language</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(ISL).</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Retention of Israel's population since 1948 is about even or greater, when compared to other countries with mass immigration. Emigration from Israel (<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerida" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">yerida</a>) to other countries, primarily the United States and Canada, is described by demographers as modest, but is often cited by Israeli government ministries as a major threat to Israel's future.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">As of 2009 over 300,000 Israeli citizens live in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107910882564092" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">West Bank</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>settlements such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109500142403159" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ma'ale Adumim</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103087296398508" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ariel</a>, and communities that predated the establishment of the State but were re-established after the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107904289238097" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Six-Day War</a>, in cities such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108364535857852" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebron</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Etzion" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gush Etzion</a>. 18,000 Israelis live in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107751755914405" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Golan Heights</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>settlements. In 2006, there were 250,000 Jews living in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112271195451599" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">East Jerusalem</a>. The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 (6.5% of the Israeli population). Approximately 7,800 Israelis lived in settlements in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113109815369720" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Gaza Strip</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>until they were evacuated by the government as part of its 2005<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">disengagement plan</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel was established as a homeland for the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106067872765535" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish people</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and is often referred to as the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115978445080062" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish state</a>. The country's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Return" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Law of Return</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>grants all Jews and those of Jewish lineage the right to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_nationality_law" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli citizenship</a>. Just over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">diversity of Jewish backgrounds</a>. Approximately 68% of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Jews" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Jews</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108147732540914" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli-born</a>, 22% are immigrants from Europe and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109514409074808" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Americas</a>, and 10% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105683506131640" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab World</a>).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_lands" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jews who immigrated to Israel from Arab lands</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and their descendants constitute about 40% of Jewish Israelis.</div><h3 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Religion</h3><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The religious affiliation of Israeli Jews varies widely: 55% say they are "traditional," while 20% consider themselves "secular Jews," 17% define themselves as "<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103713473001044" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Religious Zionists</a>"; the final 8% define themselves as "<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103945342976625" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haredi</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jews."</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Making up 16% of the population,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108007655887415" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Muslim</a>s constitute Israel's largest religious minority. About 2% of the population are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108085925880488" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Christian</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and 1.5% are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109670085719078" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Druze</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The Christian population includes both<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107731242583686" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Arab Christians</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112263065459114" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Messianic Jews</a>. Members of many other religious groups, including<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106110679419554" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Buddhists</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113580328652331" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hindu</a>s, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The city of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108300522531552" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Israeli-controlled<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103128913060483" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Old City</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that incorporates the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103992722972051" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Western Wall</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107501162612517" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Temple Mount</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103733626331958" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112412988777664" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. Other landmarks of religious importance are located in the West Bank, among them<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%27s_tomb" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Joseph's tomb</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103777089661364" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shechem</a>, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115337908477945" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">birthplace of Jesus</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Rachel's Tomb</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107996252554381" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bethlehem</a>, and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Cave of the Patriarchs</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108364535857852" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebron</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The administrative center of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108258439198631" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bahá'í Faith</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shrine of the Báb</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are located at the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_World_Centre" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Bahá'í World Centre</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107745885914810" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Haifa</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and the leader of the faith is buried in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108183542543755" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Acre</a>. Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_pilgrimage" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">pilgrimages</a>. Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Culture</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of the population:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106099506097203" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jew</a>s from around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112577668755106" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew calendar</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Israel" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Work and school holidays</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are determined by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108226865872011" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish holiday</a>s, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108038585884587" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish Sabbath</a>. Israel's substantial Arab minority has also left its imprint on Israeli culture in such spheres as architecture, music, and cuisine.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112029868823548" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli literature</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111953255487551" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English. By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_and_University_Library" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Jewish National and University Library</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>at the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103772529661901" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media. In 2006, 85 percent of the 8,000 books transferred to the library were in Hebrew. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Book_Week" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew Book Week</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is held each June and features book fairs, public readings, and appearances by Israeli authors around the country. During the week, Israel's top literary award, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapir_Prize" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sapir Prize</a>, is presented. In 1966,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108068132546849" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>shared the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/116112611734053" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Nobel Prize in Literature</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with German Jewish author<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109888279036773" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Nelly Sachs</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106960486008396" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli music</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>contains musical influences from all over the world;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109599055725692" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sephardic music</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108165245878527" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hasidic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>melodies,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112898122058107" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Belly dancing</a>music,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109305029088487" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Greek music</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108166409205738" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">jazz</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105658879468654" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">pop rock</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are all part of the music scene. The nation's canonical<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111635295519570" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">folk songs</a>, known as "Songs of the Land of Israel," deal with the experiences of the pioneers in building the Jewish homeland. Among Israel's world-renowned<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106207209411347" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">orchestra</a>s is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104047739632428" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, which has been in operation for over seventy years and today performs more than two hundred concerts each year. Israel has also produced many musicians of note, some achieving international stardom.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111970525480852" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Itzhak Perlman</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108476502510038" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Pinchas Zukerman</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103113316395269" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ofra Haza</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are among the internationally acclaimed musicians born in Israel. Israel has participated in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105514969480877" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Eurovision Song Contest</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>nearly every year since 1973, winning the competition three times and hosting it twice.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108062722555338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Eilat</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has hosted its own international music festival, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_Jazz_Festival" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Red Sea Jazz Festival</a>, every summer since 1987.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/111226808897983" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Cinema of Israel</a>: nine Israeli films have been final nominees for<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Best Foreign Language Film</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>at the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107367039292976" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Academy Award</a>s since the establishment of Israel. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">2009</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>movie<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112083245474476" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ajami</a></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was the third consecutive nomination of an Israeli film.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Continuing the strong<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107901649233346" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">theatrical traditions</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the Yiddish theater in Eastern Europe, Israel maintains a vibrant theatre scene. Founded in 1918,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106959016007686" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Habima Theatre</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in Tel Aviv is Israel's oldest<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112971415384157" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">repertory</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>theater company and national theater.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108266712528973" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel Museum</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104119452958919" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Dead Sea scrolls</a>, along with an extensive collection of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/115255055157020" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Judaica</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108710992487282" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">European art</a>. Israel's national<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/114672681878385" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Holocaust</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>museum,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109754912385116" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Yad Vashem</a>, houses the world's largest archive of Holocaust-related information.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Hatefutsoth" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Beth Hatefutsoth</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105487536152177" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Tel Aviv University</a>, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world. Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109740982385839" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">kibbutz</a>im</i>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="font-family: 'lucida sans','lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Mishkan Le'Omanut</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on Kibbutz<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104070712961314" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ein Harod Meuhad</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the largest art museum in the north of the country.</div><h2 style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sports</h2><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Sports and physical fitness have not always been paramount in Jewish culture. Athletic prowess, which was prized by the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112890338722465" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">ancient Greeks</a>, was looked down upon as an unwelcome intrusion of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108385612518563" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hellenistic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>values.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104418499593310" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Maimonides</a>, who was both a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109233192428700" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">rabbi</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109449759074990" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">physician</a>, emphasized the importance of regular exercise in preventing illness on the authority of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107861085903425" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hippocrates</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107473972615717" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Galen</a>. This approach received a boost in the 19th century from the physical culture campaign of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103127909727018" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Max Nordau</a>, and in the early 20th century when the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/102908466418037" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Chief Rabbi</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/104122972957338" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Palestine</a>,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103097813063657" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Abraham Isaac Kook</a>, declared that "the body serves the soul, and only a healthy body can ensure a healthy soul". The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105504429483305" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Maccabiah Games</a>, an Olympic-style event for Jewish athletes and Israeli athletes, was inaugurated in the 1930s, and has been held every four years since then. In 1964<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113261995351176" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>hosted and won the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105497809484877" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Asian Nations Cup</a>; in 1970 the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113261995351176" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israel national football team</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>managed to qualify to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/105917062772091" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">FIFA World Cup</a>, which is still considered the biggest achievement of Israeli football.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">Israel was excluded from the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1978 Asian Games</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>due to Arab pressure on the organizers. The exclusion left Israel in limbo and it ceased competing in Asian competitions. In 1994,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107798769242656" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">UEFA</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">The most popular spectator sports in Israel are<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108501195841933" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">association football</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108614982500363" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">basketball</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112874802058326" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Israeli Premier League</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the country's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/112874802058326" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">premier soccer league</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108089059225792" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Ligat HaAl</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the premier basketball league.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108510409181267" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Maccabi Haifa</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109509965741866" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Maccabi Tel Aviv</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109301155755514" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hapoel Tel Aviv</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/109547602396356" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Beitar Jerusalem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are the largest sports clubs. Maccabi Tel Aviv and Maccabi Haifa have competed in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108335859186650" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">UEFA Champions League</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and Hapoel Tel Aviv reached the final quarter in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107972455903760" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">UEFA Cup</a>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113339048676637" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has won the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_and_Euroleague_history" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">European championship</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in basketball five times. Israeli tennis champion<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113197822024343" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Shahar Pe'er</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ranked 19th in the world after competing in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103106256396949" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Dubai</a>.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103997159637139" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Beersheba</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has become a national<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/103154896390858" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">chess</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>center; thanks to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of<a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113659151978245" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">chess grandmasters</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of any city in the world. The city hosted the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">World Team Chess Championship</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in 2005, and chess is taught in the city's kindergartens. In 2008, the Israeli chess team won the silver medal at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/38th_Chess_Olympiad" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">the Chess Olympiad</a>. Israeli grandmaster<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/108018269219388" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Boris Gelfand</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the current<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_World_Cup_2009" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Chess World Cup</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>holder.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1px 0px 10px; text-align: left;">To date, Israel has won<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_Olympics" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">seven</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107798225909311" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Olympic</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>medals since its first win<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/106646229375569" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">in 1992</a>, including a gold medal in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107747612581936" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">windsurfing</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>at the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/113944608616167" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">2004 Summer Olympics</a>. Israel has won over 100 gold medals in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/pages/w/107801649240612" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Paralympic Games</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and is ranked about 15th in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Paralympic_Games_medal_table" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">all-time medal count</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Summer_Paralympics" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">1968 Summer Paralympics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>were hosted by Israel.</div>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5209327673265907762.post-6841884062466769332010-06-12T19:51:00.000+07:002010-06-12T19:51:27.455+07:00History of Islam Sejarah Agama Islam<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://weblogs.clarin.com/detrasdeltelon/archives/islam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://weblogs.clarin.com/detrasdeltelon/archives/islam.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Telah disebutkan di muka bumi, bahwa islam yang dibawakan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. adalah mata rantai terakhir dari agama ALLAH yang diturunkan melalui para Rosul sebelumnya. Sesuai dengan penegasan Al-Qur’an, islam adalah agama yang diberikan Tuhan kepada umat manusia, dengan perantara para Rosul, silih berganti sejak Nabi Nuh, Nabi Ibrahim, Nabi Musa, Nabi ‘Isa, dan yang terakhir nabi Muhammad S.A.W.<br />
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Al-Qur’an surat Asy-Syuura : 13 menyatakan :<br />
“Allah menentukan aturan bagi kamu sekalian dari ajaran agama sebagaimana yang dipesankan kepada Nuh, dan yang kami wahyukan kepadamu Muhammad, juga sebagaimana yag telah Kami pesankan kepada Ibrahim, Musa, dan ‘Isa; henadaklah kamu tegakkan agama dan janganlah kamu bergolong-golongan dalam menegakkan agama itu.”<br />
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Berpangakal kepada agama yang dibawakan Nabi Ibrahim A.S. dapat diketahui hubungan Islam yang yang dibawakan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. dengan agama Islam yang dibawakan oleh para nabi sebelumnya.<br />
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Sejarah mencatat bahwa Nabi Ibrahim A.S. hidup di Ur (Irak Selatan) pada kira-kira tahun 1.800 SM. Ia membawa agama yang diwahyukan Allah SWT yang mengajarkan keesaan Tuhan (tauhid) yang mutlak, dan menyembah hanya kepada ALLAH saja. Agama yang dibawa Nabi Ibrahim Islam juga, sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Al-Qur’an surat Ali Imran ayat 67 :<br />
“Ibrahim bukan seorang penganut agama Yahudi dan bukan pula seorang penganut agama Nasrani. Ia adalah seorang Muslim yang amat condong kepada kesucian. Ia pun bukan termasuk golongan orang-orang yang musyrik (yang menyekutukan sesuatu dengan Tuhan)”.<br />
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Dari isteri yang bernama Hajar, Nabi Ibrahim A.S. mempunyai anak, yaitu Ismail yang kemudian diangkat menjadi Rasul pula. Nabi Ismail A.S. itulah yang kemudian menurunkan bangsa Arab suku Adnan dan dari suku Adnan ini timbul suku Quraisy. Dari suku Quraisy itu lahirlah Nabi Muhammad S.A.W yang menjadi penutup para Nabi.<br />
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Dari isteri yang bernama Sarah, Nabi Ibrahim A.S. mempunyai anak yaitu Ishaq yang kemudian diangkat menjadi Rosul juga. Nabi Ishaq A.S. mempunyai putra bernama Ya’qub yang dinamakan juga Israil. Sebutan Bani Israil dimaksudkan anak keturunan Israil atau Ya’qub. Dari anak keturunan Nabi Ya’qub A.S. itulah kemudian banyak yang diangkat menjadi Nabi, seperti Nabi Yusuf, Nabi Syu’aib, Nabi Musa dan lain-lainya.<br />
Anak cucu Ismail kemudian menempati daerah Kan’an yang dikenal dengan nama Palestina. Ketika terjadi bahaya kelaparan di wilayah palestina mereka berhijrah ke Mesir, yang di sana kemudian diperbudak oleh Fir’aun.<br />
Nabi Musa A.S. yang hidup sekitar tahun 1.300 SM berhasil/memimpin kaum Bani Israil di Mesir hingga akhirnya dapat lolos dari perbudakan Fir’aun dan kembali menempati palestina.<br />
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Pada sekitar tahun 1.000 SM, kaum Bani Israil di pimpin Nabi Daud A.S. dan Nabi Sulaiman A.S. Pada masa itulah Bani Israil sampai pada masa kebesarannya. <br />
Kira-kira pada tahun 935 SM Bani Israil pecah menjadi 2 golongan; Negara Israil dengan 10 suku-sukunya dan Negara Yuda dengan 2 suku.<br />
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Pada tahun 772 SM Negara Israil ditundukkan oleh Negara Assiria. Negara Yuda masih dapat bertahan sebagai negara yang berdaulat setelah lenyapnya negara Israil, selama + 100 tahun.<br />
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Di antara tahun 539 – 332 SM seluruh palestina dikuasai kerajaan Persia. Mulai tahun 332 SM sampai kira-kira tahun 63 SM Palestina menjadi Protektorat kerajaan Romawi.<br />
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Di tengah tengah sejarah Bani Israil serupa itulah Tuhan mengutus para Rasul-Nya, seperti Nabi Ya’qub, Nabi Yusuf, Nabi Musa, Nabi Dawud, Nabi Sulaiman, Nabi Ayyub, Nabi Yunus, Nabi Zakaria, Nabi Yahya, dan Nabi ‘Isa, untuk menyampaikan ajaran-ajaran agama tauhid, agama yang mengajarakan penyerahan diri sepenuhnya kepada ALLAH S.W.T. (ISLAM)<br />
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Di antara para Rasul dari Bani Israil itu yang penting dalam membawakan peraturan – peraturan hokum adalah Nabi Musa A.S. Para Rasul sesudahnya berpedoman kepada peraturan – peraturan yang dibawakan Nabi Musa A.S.<br />
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Pada akhir sejarah Bani Israil, mereka amat mengutamakan hokum dan sangat mementingkan harta benda, sedangkan nilai-nilai rohani menjadi terdesak. Kemurnian jiwa tidak menjadi perhatian lagi. Bahkan tidak segan – segan mereka membunuh para Nabi yang mengjak mereka kembali kepada ajaran – ajaran yang benar.<br />
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Tentang keadaan Bani Israil (Yahudi) itu, AL-Qur’an Surat Ali – Imron ayat 181, memberi gambaran sebagai berikut :<br />
”Sungguh Allah telah mendengar perkataan orang – orang yang mengatakan : sesungguhnya Allah fakir dan kitalah yang kaya raya. Apa yang mereka katakana itu akan Kami catat, demikian pula perbuatan mereka membunuh para Nabi tanpa alasan yang dapat dibenarkan.”<br />
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Di saat kaum Bani Israil telah hanyut dalam arus kebendaan, dan nilai – nilai rohani dalam kehidupan mereka terdesak, datanglah Rasul Allah yaitu nabi ‘Isa A.S. yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk mengembalikan nilai – nilai rohani dalam kehidupan kaum Bani Israil.<br />
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Hanya tiga tahun Nabi ‘Isa A.S. melakukan tugas yang amat berat itu, akhirnya difitnah. Beliau dikejar – kejar oleh kaumnya untuk di tangkap, kemudian akan dibunuh dan disalib. Tetapi ALLAH menyelamatkan dari fitnahan kaum Bani Israil itu. Beliau tidak ditangkap, tidak disalib, dan tidak dibunuh. Ada orang lain yang diserupakan dengan Nabi ‘Isa, yaitu Yudas Eskarius. Dialah yang sebenarnya ditangkap, dibunuh, dan disalib. Bukan Nabi ‘Isa A.S.<br />
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Dalam hubungan ini Al-Qur’an surat An-Nisa’ ayat 157 menegaskan :<br />
“Mereka tidak membunuh ‘Isa dan tidak pula menyalibnya, tetapi diserupakan orang lain kepada mereka”.<br />
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Setelah Nabi ‘Isa tidak ada lagi, para pengikutnya menghormati beliau melampaui batas. Beliau dikatakan anak ALLAH. Timbullah kepercayaan Allah Bapa dan Anak Allah. Kemudian ditambah lagi dengan unsur ketiga, yaitu Ruhul Kudus, hingga terbentuklah keyakinan trinitas yang diputuskan dalam Konsili Konstantinopel I pada tahun 381 M. (Kepercayaan tentang ke-Tuhanan Nabi ‘Isa telah diputuskan dalam konsili Nikea tahun 325 M)<br />
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Pada tahun 570 M lahirlah Nabi Muhammad S.A.W di Makkah. Setelah berusia 40 tahun, Tuhan menurunkan wahyu kepadanya. Beliau telah diangkat sebagai Rasul penutup. Tidak akan lagi Rasul atau Nabi sesudahnya.Nabi ‘Isa mengakui adanya Nabi penutup setelahnya, namun hal ini dimanipulasi dan dihilangkan oleh suatu golongan. Kitab yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah kitab yang terakhir pula, yaitu AL-QUR’AN. Berbeda dengan kitab lain yang isinya sudah dimanipulasi dan diubah-ubah oleh manusia. Al-Qur’an isinya tidak akan bisa diubah-ubah oleh siapapun, karena ALLAH SWT-lah yang akan menjaganya agar tetap murni. Kitab yang menjadi penyempurna semua ajaran Nabi dan Rasul.<br />
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Pokok ajaran wahyu yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW tidak lain adalah ajaran tauhid. Allah adalah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Tidak berputera, tidak berbapa, serta tidak ada seorang pun yang menyerupai-Nya.<br />
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Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. diutus untuk mengembalikan ajaran tauhid yang diajarkan oleh para Nabi dan Rosul sebelumnya. Oleh Karena itu, pada tempatnyalah jika Al-Qur’an menyatakan bahwa terutusnya Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. itu menjadi rahmat (bukti kasih sayang Allah) kepada seru sekalian alam. Dengan mengutus Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. itu berarti Allah tidak membiarkan umat manusia hidup dalam kegelapan dan kesesatan.<br />
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Al-Qur’an dalam surat Ibrahim ayat 1, menyakinkan :<br />
“Alif Laam Raa. Ini lah kitab yang Kami turunkan kepadamu Muhammad, agar kau keluarkan umat manusia dari kegelapan (kesesatan) kepada cahaya (petunjuk Allah)”.<br />
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Dengan terutusnya Nabi Muhammad S.A.W yang menjdai Rosul penutup dan dengan diturunkanya Kitab Al-Qur’an yang merupakan kitab Allah S.W.T yang terakhir pula, maka pokok – pokok ajaran wahyu yang sebelumnya telah terhimpun di dalam Al-Qur’an, dan Al-Qur’an sajalah kitab Allah yang berlaku sebagai pedoman bagi umat manusia yang ingin berpegang kepada petunjuk Allah S.W.T. (rid)<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Sejarah Agama Islam">Islamic History <br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Telah disebutkan di muka bumi, bahwa islam yang dibawakan Nabi
Muhammad SAW">It has been mentioned in the earth, that Islam had brought the Prophet Muhammad </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="adalah mata rantai
terakhir dari agama ALLAH yang diturunkan melalui para Rosul
sebelumnya.">is the last link in the chain which is derived from the religion of GOD through the apostles before. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Sesuai dengan penegasan Al-Qur'an, islam adalah agama yang
diberikan Tuhan kepada umat manusia, dengan perantara para Rosul, silih
berganti sejak Nabi Nuh, Nabi Ibrahim, Nabi Musa, Nabi 'Isa, dan yang
terakhir nabi Muhammad SAW">In accordance with the affirmation of the Qur'an, Islam is the religion which God gave to mankind, with intermediary apostles, one after another since the Prophet Noah, Prophet Abraham, Prophet Moses, Prophet Jesus, and the last prophet, Muhammad SAW <br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Al-Qur’an surat Asy-Syuura : 13 menyatakan :">Al-Qur'an Ash-mail Syuura: 13 states: </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="“Allah menentukan aturan bagi kamu sekalian dari ajaran agama
sebagaimana yang dipesankan kepada Nuh, dan yang kami wahyukan kepadamu
Muhammad, juga sebagaimana yag telah Kami pesankan kepada Ibrahim, Musa,
dan 'Isa; henadaklah kamu tegakkan agama dan janganlah kamu
bergolong-golongan dalam menegakkan">"God determines the rules for you all, from religious teachings, as were told Noah, and which we have revealed to Muhammad, as well as yag have us order it to Abraham, Moses and Jesus; henadaklah you hold your religion: Nor-faction in enforcing bergolong </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="agama itu.”">that religion. " </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="agama itu.”"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Berpangakal kepada agama yang dibawakan Nabi Ibrahim AS">Berpangakal to the religion of Prophet Ibrahim brought U.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="dapat diketahui
hubungan Islam yang yang dibawakan Nabi Muhammad SAW">can know the relationship of Islam that Prophet Muhammad brought </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="dengan agama Islam
yang dibawakan oleh para nabi sebelumnya.">with the Islamic religion brought by previous prophets. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="dengan agama Islam
yang dibawakan oleh para nabi sebelumnya."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Sejarah mencatat bahwa Nabi Ibrahim A.S.">History records that Prophet Ibrahim A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="hidup di Ur (Irak Selatan) pada
kira-kira tahun 1.800 SM.">lived in Ur (southern Iraq) in circa 1800 BC. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ia membawa agama yang diwahyukan Allah SWT yang
mengajarkan keesaan Tuhan (tauhid) yang mutlak, dan menyembah hanya
kepada ALLAH saja.">He carried the revealed religion of Allah that teaches the oneness of God (tawhid) is absolute, and worship only to GOD alone. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Agama yang dibawa
Nabi Ibrahim Islam juga, sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Al-Qur'an surat
Ali Imran ayat 67 :">Religion of Islam brought by Prophet Ibrahim is also, as stated in the Qur'an Ali Imran verse 67 letter: <br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="“Ibrahim bukan seorang penganut agama Yahudi dan bukan pula
seorang penganut agama Nasrani.">"Abraham was not a religious Jew nor a Christian religion. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ia adalah seorang
Muslim yang amat condong kepada kesucian.">He is a Muslim who is very inclined to chastity. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ia pun bukan termasuk golongan orang-orang
yang musyrik (yang menyekutukan sesuatu dengan Tuhan)”.">He also was not included among those who polytheists (that associating anything with God). " </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ia pun bukan termasuk golongan orang-orang
yang musyrik (yang menyekutukan sesuatu dengan Tuhan)”."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dari isteri yang bernama Hajar, Nabi Ibrahim A.S.">From wife named Hagar, Abraham A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="mempunyai anak, yaitu Ismail yang
kemudian diangkat menjadi Rasul pula.">a son, Ismail, who is subsequently appointed as the Apostle also. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Nabi Ismail A.S.">Prophet Ismail A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="itulah yang kemudian menurunkan bangsa Arab suku Adnan dan dari
suku Adnan ini timbul suku Quraisy.">that was then lowered Arab tribe from the tribe of Adnan, Adnan, and this arose Quraysh tribe. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dari
suku Quraisy itu lahirlah Nabi Muhammad SAW yang menjadi penutup para
Nabi.">Of the tribe of Quraysh that the Prophet Muhammad was born who became the Seal of the Prophets. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dari
suku Quraisy itu lahirlah Nabi Muhammad SAW yang menjadi penutup para
Nabi."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dari isteri yang bernama Sarah, Nabi Ibrahim A.S.">From wife named Sarah, Abraham A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="mempunyai anak yaitu Ishaq yang
kemudian diangkat menjadi Rosul juga.">Ishaq who have a child that is later promoted to Rosul too. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Nabi Ishaq A.S.">Prophet Ishaq A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="mempunyai putra bernama Ya'qub yang dinamakan juga Israil.">has a son named Jacob who was also called Israel. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Sebutan Bani Israil dimaksudkan anak keturunan Israil
atau Ya'qub.">The term is meant Israelites descendants of Israel or Jacob. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dari anak
keturunan Nabi Ya’qub A.S.">From the progeny of the Prophet Ya'qub A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="itulah kemudian banyak yang diangkat menjadi Nabi, seperti
Nabi Yusuf, Nabi Syu'aib, Nabi Musa dan lain-lainya.">That then many who became the Prophet, like the Prophet Yusuf, Prophet Shoaib, Moses and so on others. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="itulah kemudian banyak yang diangkat menjadi Nabi, seperti
Nabi Yusuf, Nabi Syu'aib, Nabi Musa dan lain-lainya."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Anak cucu Ismail kemudian menempati daerah Kan'an yang dikenal
dengan nama Palestina.">Ismail grandchildren Kan'an then occupied the area known as Palestine. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ketika terjadi
bahaya kelaparan di wilayah palestina mereka berhijrah ke Mesir, yang di
sana kemudian diperbudak oleh Fir'aun.">When there is danger of starvation in the territory of Palestine, they emigrated to Egypt, who were there and then enslaved by Pharaoh. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ketika terjadi
bahaya kelaparan di wilayah palestina mereka berhijrah ke Mesir, yang di
sana kemudian diperbudak oleh Fir'aun."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Nabi Musa A.S.">Moses A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="yang hidup sekitar
tahun 1.300 SM berhasil/memimpin kaum Bani Israil di Mesir hingga
akhirnya dapat lolos dari perbudakan Fir'aun dan kembali menempati
palestina.">who lived around the year 1300 BC managed / led the Israelites in Egypt until it can escape from the slavery of Pharaoh and re-occupy Palestine. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="yang hidup sekitar
tahun 1.300 SM berhasil/memimpin kaum Bani Israil di Mesir hingga
akhirnya dapat lolos dari perbudakan Fir'aun dan kembali menempati
palestina."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Pada sekitar tahun 1.000 SM, kaum Bani Israil di pimpin Nabi Daud
AS">In the years around 1000 BC, the Children of Israel in the United States led the Prophet David </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="dan Nabi Sulaiman
A.S.">and Prophet Sulaiman A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Pada masa itulah Bani Israil sampai pada masa
kebesarannya.">During which the Children of Israel up to our greatness. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Pada masa itulah Bani Israil sampai pada masa
kebesarannya."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Kira-kira pada tahun 935 SM Bani Israil pecah menjadi 2 golongan;
Negara Israil dengan 10 suku-sukunya dan Negara Yuda dengan 2 suku.">At about the year 935 BC the Israelites split into two groups; the State of Israel with 10 tribes, tribal and State Yuda with two tribes. <br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Pada tahun 772 SM Negara Israil ditundukkan oleh Negara Assiria.">In the State of Israel 772 BC Assyrian subjugated by the State. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Negara Yuda masih
dapat bertahan sebagai negara yang berdaulat setelah lenyapnya negara
Israil, selama + 100 tahun.">Yuda country still can survive as a sovereign state after the disappearance of the state of Israel, during the + 100 years. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Negara Yuda masih
dapat bertahan sebagai negara yang berdaulat setelah lenyapnya negara
Israil, selama + 100 tahun."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Di antara tahun 539 – 332 SM seluruh palestina dikuasai kerajaan
Persia.">In between the years 539-332 BC the Persian empire ruled Palestine. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Mulai tahun 332 SM
sampai kira-kira tahun 63 SM Palestina menjadi Protektorat kerajaan
Romawi.">Beginning in 332 BC to circa 63 BC Palestine became a Roman protectorate. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Mulai tahun 332 SM
sampai kira-kira tahun 63 SM Palestina menjadi Protektorat kerajaan
Romawi."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Di tengah tengah sejarah Bani Israil serupa itulah Tuhan mengutus
para Rasul-Nya, seperti Nabi Ya'qub, Nabi Yusuf, Nabi Musa, Nabi Dawud,
Nabi Sulaiman, Nabi Ayyub, Nabi Yunus, Nabi Zakaria, Nabi Yahya, dan
Nabi 'Isa,">In the middle of the middle of a similar history of the Israelites that the Lord sent His Apostles, as the Prophet Jacob, Prophet Yusuf, Prophet Moses, Prophet David, Prophet Solomon, Prophet Ayyub, the prophet Jonah, the prophet Zachariah, John, and the Prophet 'Isa, </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="untuk menyampaikan
ajaran-ajaran agama tauhid, agama yang mengajarakan penyerahan diri
sepenuhnya kepada ALLAH SWT">to convey the teachings of the religion of monotheism, religion mengajarakan surrender completely to GOD Almighty </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="(ISLAM)">(ISLAMIC) </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="(ISLAM)"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Di antara para Rasul dari Bani Israil itu yang penting dalam
membawakan peraturan – peraturan hokum adalah Nabi Musa AS">Among the apostles of the Children of Israel that are important in bringing the rules - the laws is the Prophet Musa </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Para Rasul sesudahnya berpedoman
kepada peraturan – peraturan yang dibawakan Nabi Musa AS">The Apostles afterwards guided by the rules - rules that had brought the Prophet Musa </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Para Rasul sesudahnya berpedoman
kepada peraturan – peraturan yang dibawakan Nabi Musa AS"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Pada akhir sejarah Bani Israil, mereka amat mengutamakan hokum
dan sangat mementingkan harta benda, sedangkan nilai-nilai rohani
menjadi terdesak.">At the end of the history of the Israelites, their very great emphasis on priority legal and personal belongings, while the spiritual values to be pushed. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kemurnian jiwa tidak menjadi perhatian lagi.">Purity of the soul is not a concern again. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Bahkan tidak segan – segan mereka membunuh para Nabi yang
mengjak mereka kembali kepada ajaran – ajaran yang benar.">Did not even hesitate - they are reluctant to kill the Prophet of referring them back to the teachings - the true teachings. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Bahkan tidak segan – segan mereka membunuh para Nabi yang
mengjak mereka kembali kepada ajaran – ajaran yang benar."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Tentang keadaan Bani Israil (Yahudi) itu, AL-Qur'an Surat Ali –
Imron ayat 181, memberi gambaran sebagai berikut :">About the situation the Israelites (Jews), the AL-Qur'an Surah Ali - Imron paragraph 181, provides an illustration as follows: </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Tentang keadaan Bani Israil (Yahudi) itu, AL-Qur'an Surat Ali –
Imron ayat 181, memberi gambaran sebagai berikut :"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="”Sungguh Allah telah mendengar perkataan orang – orang yang
mengatakan : sesungguhnya Allah fakir dan kitalah yang kaya raya.">"Indeed Allah has heard the words of people - people who say: Allah is indigent, and we are very rich. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Apa yang mereka katakana itu akan Kami catat, demikian pula
perbuatan mereka membunuh para Nabi tanpa alasan yang dapat
dibenarkan.”">What do they say it will be We note, so too their deeds to kill the Prophet, without a justifiable reason. " </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Apa yang mereka katakana itu akan Kami catat, demikian pula
perbuatan mereka membunuh para Nabi tanpa alasan yang dapat
dibenarkan.”"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Di saat kaum Bani Israil telah hanyut dalam arus kebendaan, dan
nilai – nilai rohani dalam kehidupan mereka terdesak, datanglah Rasul
Allah yaitu nabi 'Isa AS">At the time the Israelites had lost in material flow, and values - spiritual values in their lives of urgency, which came to the Messenger of Allah Prophet 'Isa </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk mengembalikan nilai – nilai
rohani dalam kehidupan kaum Bani Israil.">whose main function is to return the value - spiritual value in the lives of the Children of Israel. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk mengembalikan nilai – nilai
rohani dalam kehidupan kaum Bani Israil."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Hanya tiga tahun Nabi ‘Isa A.S.">Only three years of the Prophet 'Isa A.S. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="melakukan tugas yang amat berat itu, akhirnya difitnah.">a very heavy task that, finally vilified. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Beliau dikejar – kejar oleh
kaumnya untuk di tangkap, kemudian akan dibunuh dan disalib.">He pursued - pursued by his people for the catch, and then be killed and crucified. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Tetapi ALLAH menyelamatkan dari fitnahan kaum Bani Israil itu.">But GOD saved from the Children of Israel's slander. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Beliau tidak
ditangkap, tidak disalib, dan tidak dibunuh.">He was not arrested, not crucified, and was not murdered. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Ada orang lain yang
diserupakan dengan Nabi 'Isa, yaitu Yudas Eskarius.">There are others who likened the Prophet 'Isa, namely Judas Eskarius. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dialah yang sebenarnya ditangkap, dibunuh, dan disalib.">It was he who actually arrested, killed, and crucified. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Bukan Nabi ‘Isa A.S.">Not Prophet 'Isa A.S. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Bukan Nabi ‘Isa A.S."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dalam hubungan ini Al-Qur'an surat An-Nisa' ayat 157 menegaskan
:">In this connection the letter of the Qur'an An-Nisa 'verse 157 stated: </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="“Mereka tidak membunuh 'Isa dan tidak pula menyalibnya, tetapi
diserupakan orang lain kepada mereka”.">"They did not kill Jesus, nor crucified him, but others likened unto them". </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="“Mereka tidak membunuh 'Isa dan tidak pula menyalibnya, tetapi
diserupakan orang lain kepada mereka”."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Setelah Nabi 'Isa tidak ada lagi, para pengikutnya menghormati
beliau melampaui batas.">After the Prophet 'Isa did not exist anymore, its adherents to respect him over the top. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Beliau dikatakan anak ALLAH.">He said children GOD. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Timbullah
kepercayaan Allah Bapa dan Anak Allah.">Arises the belief of God the Father and the Son of God. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Kemudian ditambah lagi dengan unsur ketiga,
yaitu Ruhul Kudus, hingga terbentuklah keyakinan trinitas yang
diputuskan dalam Konsili Konstantinopel I pada tahun 381 M.">Then added the third element, namely Holy Ghost, until forming a trinity belief that it was decided at the Council of Constantinople in 381 AD </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="(Kepercayaan
tentang ke-Tuhanan Nabi 'Isa telah diputuskan dalam konsili Nikea tahun
325 M)">(Beliefs about the deity of the Prophet 'Isa had been decided at the council Nikea year 325 AD) </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="(Kepercayaan
tentang ke-Tuhanan Nabi 'Isa telah diputuskan dalam konsili Nikea tahun
325 M)"><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Pada tahun 570 M lahirlah Nabi Muhammad SAW di Makkah.">In the year 570 AD the Prophet Muhammad was born in Makkah. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Setelah berusia 40
tahun, Tuhan menurunkan wahyu kepadanya.">After 40 years of age, lowering the revelation of God to him. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Beliau telah
diangkat sebagai Rasul penutup.">He has been appointed as the Apostle cover. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Tidak akan lagi Rasul atau Nabi sesudahnya.Nabi 'Isa
mengakui adanya Nabi penutup setelahnya, namun hal ini dimanipulasi dan
dihilangkan oleh suatu golongan.">Will no longer sesudahnya.Nabi Apostle or Prophet Jesus acknowledges the subsequent closing of the Prophet, but it is manipulated and eliminated by a faction. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Kitab yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah kitab yang
terakhir pula, yaitu AL-QUR'AN.">The Book revealed to Prophet Muhammad was the last book of the same, namely AL-QUR'AN. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Berbeda dengan
kitab lain yang isinya sudah dimanipulasi dan diubah-ubah oleh manusia.">Unlike other books whose contents are manipulated and altered by humans. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Al-Qur'an isinya
tidak akan bisa diubah-ubah oleh siapapun, karena ALLAH SWT-lah yang
akan menjaganya agar tetap murni.">Al-Quran which will not be able to be altered by anyone, because GOD Almighty was the one who will keep it pure. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Kitab yang menjadi penyempurna semua ajaran Nabi dan
Rasul.">Book falsifies all the teachings of the Prophet and Apostles. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Kitab yang menjadi penyempurna semua ajaran Nabi dan
Rasul."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Pokok ajaran wahyu yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW tidak
lain adalah ajaran tauhid.">The principal teachings of revelation to the Prophet Muhammad is nothing but teachings of monotheism. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Allah adalah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.">God is God Almighty. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Tidak berputera,
tidak berbapa, serta tidak ada seorang pun yang menyerupai-Nya.">No children, no berbapa, and no one who resembles him. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Tidak berputera,
tidak berbapa, serta tidak ada seorang pun yang menyerupai-Nya."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.">Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="diutus untuk
mengembalikan ajaran tauhid yang diajarkan oleh para Nabi dan Rosul
sebelumnya.">was sent to restore the unity of doctrine taught by the Prophet and Rosul earlier. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Oleh Karena itu,
pada tempatnyalah jika Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa terutusnya Nabi
Muhammad SAW">Hence, the tempatnyalah if the Qur'an states that Prophet Muhammad terutusnya </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="itu menjadi rahmat
(bukti kasih sayang Allah) kepada seru sekalian alam.">it became the grace (God's proof of love) to the exciting all natural. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dengan mengutus Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.">By sending the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="itu berarti Allah tidak membiarkan umat manusia hidup
dalam kegelapan dan kesesatan.">It means that God does not allow mankind to live in darkness and error. </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="itu berarti Allah tidak membiarkan umat manusia hidup
dalam kegelapan dan kesesatan."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Al-Qur'an dalam surat Ibrahim ayat 1, menyakinkan :">Al-Qur'an in paragraph 1 letter Ibrahim, convince: </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="“Alif Laam Raa.">"Alif Laam Raa. </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ini lah kitab yang
Kami turunkan kepadamu Muhammad, agar kau keluarkan umat manusia dari
kegelapan (kesesatan) kepada cahaya (petunjuk Allah)”.">This is the Book which We have sent down to Muhammad, so you remove the humanity from darkness (error) to light (the guidance of Allah). " </span></span><br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Ini lah kitab yang
Kami turunkan kepadamu Muhammad, agar kau keluarkan umat manusia dari
kegelapan (kesesatan) kepada cahaya (petunjuk Allah)”."><br />
</span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Dengan terutusnya Nabi Muhammad SAW yang menjdai Rosul penutup
dan dengan diturunkanya Kitab Al-Qur'an yang merupakan kitab Allah SWT
yang terakhir pula, maka pokok – pokok ajaran wahyu yang sebelumnya
telah terhimpun di dalam Al-Qur'an, dan Al-Qur'">With terutusnya Prophet Muhammad who menjdai Rosul diturunkanya Book cover and with the Qur'an which is the final book of Allah that also, then the principal - the principal teachings of previous revelations has been collected in the Qur'an, and Al-Qur ' </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="an sajalah kitab Allah yang berlaku sebagai pedoman bagi
umat manusia yang ingin berpegang kepada petunjuk Allah SWT">Just the Book of Allah, which serves as a guidance for mankind to cling to the guidance of Allah SWT </span><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="(rid)">(RID) </span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="(rid)">keyword : islam, israil, bani israil, history islam, sejarah islam, sejarah, Muhammad, Allah, kebenaran islam, cerita islam asli, truth of islamic story, Al-Qur'an, israel, palestine, palestina, rahmatan lil alamin, rahmat </span></span>Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kauman Jogjahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15350229650398688006noreply@blogger.com0